“…It is necessary to be informed regarding curricular reforms, consider students' attitudes toward PE, and use enjoyment and perceived utility as guiding variables for further development (Subramaniam and Silverman, 2000Rikard and Banville, 2006;Montalvo and Silverman, 2008;Silverman, 2011;Phillips and Silverman, 2015;Mercier et al, 2017;Scrabis-Fletcher and Silverman, 2017;Subramaniam and Mercier, 2017;Marttinen et al, 2018;Orlić et al, 2018). Curriculum ownership has been associated with an intrinsically motivated environment (Farias et al, 2020). Specifically, several factors have been considered crucial in fostering a positive climate in PE: (a) a task-oriented climate, (b) the integration of learner-centered models, such as the sports education model and a variety of teaching styles, and (c) the promotion of enjoyment, competency, and positive social relationships (Siedentop, 1994(Siedentop, , 2004Silverman, 2002, 2007;Digelidis et al, 2003;Silverman, 2011;Mercier et al, 2017;Scrabis-Fletcher and Silverman, 2017;Constantinides and Silverman, 2018;Orlić et al, 2018).…”