The Prolamins of Sorghum, Coix and Millets

Leite, Adílson; Neto, Germano Cord; Vettore, André Luiz; Yunes, José Andrés; Arruda, Paulo

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4431-5_7

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Zein is particularly rich in glutamine (21-26%), leucine (20%), proline (10%) and alanine (10%), but deficient in important essential amino acids e.g., lysine and tryptophan leading to protein malnutrition. α-zeins are the major prolamin subunits in maize, although other minor groups (β-15kD, γ-16 & 27kD and σ-10kD zeins) (Coleman & Larkins 1999, Leite et al 1999) are also present in seeds. In normal maize, α-zeins consist of two major sub-classes e.g., 19kD and 22kD zeins.…”

Section: Genetic Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maize grains contain around 9% protein. The major fraction (60%) of seed protein in maize is zeins (a prolamin group-alcohol soluble) (Leite et al 1999) followed by glutelin (34%), while albumin and globulin occur in traces (3% each). A balanced protein is required to assist body building process and therefore, amino acid balance seems to be a determining factor for quality of any food and feed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Quality protein maize (QPM): Genetic basis and breeding perspective

Tripathy¹,

Ithape²,

Maharana³

et al. 2017

Trop. Plant Res.

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Major fraction (60%) of seed storage protein in maize is zein which determines the quality of food and feed. Zeins comprise four subfamilies e.g., α , β, γ and δ zeins. Among these, α-zeins are the major prolamin subunits in maize. α-zeins are rich in glutamine, leucine and proline but, deficient in essential amino acids like lysine and tryptophan causing malnutrition. The opaque-2 (o2)-a natural recessive mutation in maize led to nearly double the lysine and tryptophan content in endosperm due to a decrease in the synthesis of zein proteins and increase in the other seed protein bound lysine and tryptophan. RNAi studies proved down regulation of 22kD zeins than the 19kD component as the biochemical basis of QPM phenotype. However, the opaque-2 mutation made the endosperm chalky and soft resulting damaged kernel while harvesting, poor germination, increased susceptibility to pest and diseases, inferior for food processing and in general reduced yield. Later, combining opaque-2 allele with its desirable genetic modifiers made it possible to breed QPM genotypes having hard kernel with high lysine and tryptophan content. Since, opaque-2 is a recessive mutation and endosperm specific, and biochemical analysis of lysine and tryptophan content is expensive; conventional backcross breeding alone is inefficient for the nutritional enrichment of maize. However, use of opaque-2 gene specific markers provided excellent opportunities for conversion of elite normal inbreds to homozygous o2/o2 forms through marker assisted selection (MAS). In India, Vivek QPM-9: a hybrid of two QPM introgression lines is being widely used for commercial cultivation.

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Section: Genetic Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality protein maize (QPM): Genetic basis and breeding perspective

Tripathy¹,

Ithape²,

Maharana³

et al. 2017

Trop. Plant Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The principle storage proteins in cereals are prolamins (highly hydrophobic and soluble in alcoholic solutions or denaturing solvents) and globulins (soluble in saline solutions), although additional minor proteins also accumulate (Coleman and Larkins, 1999;Shewry and Halford, 2002). Two basic prolamin types are (1) those found in Triticeae, which are closely related and comprise monomeric gliadins and polymeric glutenins in wheat, hordein in barley, and secalins in rye (Kreis et al, 1985), and (2) those found in Panicoideae, which includes maize zeins and the related proteins in sorghum (kafirins), millet, and Coix (Coleman and Larkins, 1999;Leite et al, 1999).…”

Section: Starchy Endosperm and The Accumulation Of Storage Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Endosperm in Grasses

2009

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“…For example, developing seeds exhibited elevated expression of genes encoding storage proteins (fivefold above the average; Table 4) and relatively low levels of cellular communication transcripts compared with the other sugarcane organs. These may be because of the fact that storage proteins are typically expressed in high levels in cereal seeds (Leite et al 1999). A higher proportion (more than twofold) of genes involved in nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphate metabolism was found in the root libraries, and reflected the involvement of this organ in nutrient uptake (Table 4).…”

Section: Functional Annotation Of Sugarcane Estsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Functional Annotation of an Expressed Sequence Tag Collection for Tropical Crop Sugarcane

Vettore¹,

Silva²,

Kemper³

et al. 2003

Genome Research

284

247

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To contribute to our understanding of the genome complexity of sugarcane, we undertook a large-scale expressed sequence tag (EST) program. More than 260,000 cDNA clones were partially sequenced from 26 standard cDNA libraries generated from different sugarcane tissues. After the processing of the sequences, 237,954 high-quality ESTs were identified. These ESTs were assembled into 43,141 putative transcripts. Of the assembled sequences, 35.6% presented no matches with existing sequences in public databases. A global analysis of the whole SUCEST data set indicated that 14,409 assembled sequences (33% of the total) contained at least one cDNA clone with a full-length insert. Annotation of the 43,141 assembled sequences associated almost 50% of the putative identified sugarcane genes with protein metabolism, cellular communication/signal transduction, bioenergetics, and stress responses. Inspection of the translated assembled sequences for conserved protein domains revealed 40,821 amino acid sequences with 1415 Pfam domains. Reassembling the consensus sequences of the 43,141 transcripts revealed a 22% redundancy in the first assembling. This indicated that possibly 33,620 unique genes had been identified and indicated that >90% of the sugarcane expressed genes were tagged

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The Prolamins of Sorghum, Coix and Millets

Cited by 18 publications

References 54 publications

Quality protein maize (QPM): Genetic basis and breeding perspective

Quality protein maize (QPM): Genetic basis and breeding perspective

The Development of Endosperm in Grasses

Analysis and Functional Annotation of an Expressed Sequence Tag Collection for Tropical Crop Sugarcane

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