The proline biosynthesis in living organisms

Aral, Bernard; Kamoun, P.

doi:10.1007/bf01372588

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Although it is often stated that proline oxidase is present mainly in the liver, kidney and brain [48,84] and that proline is not catabolized in the gut [47,85], relatively high activities of proline oxidase have been found in the small intestine and enterocytes of pigs [82,86] and rats [82]. In fact, the activity of proline oxidase in the pig small intestine is several-fold greater than that in the liver and kidney [42,86].…”

Section: Intestinal Arginine Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Arginine metabolism: nitric oxide and beyond

Morris

1998

Biochemical Journal

2,450

2,036

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Arginine is one of the most versatile amino acids in animal cells, serving as a precursor for the synthesis not only of proteins but also of nitric oxide, urea, polyamines, proline, glutamate, creatine and agmatine. Of the enzymes that catalyse rate-controlling steps in arginine synthesis and catabolism, argininosuccinate synthase, the two arginase isoenzymes, the three nitric oxide synthase isoenzymes and arginine decarboxylase have been recognized in recent years as key factors in regulating newly identified aspects of arginine metabolism. In particular, changes in the activities of argininosuccinate synthase, the arginases, the inducible isoenzyme of nitric oxide synthase and also cationic amino acid transporters play major roles in determining the metabolic fates of arginine in health and disease, and recent studies have identified

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Section: Intestinal Arginine Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Arginine metabolism: nitric oxide and beyond

Morris

1998

Biochemical Journal

2,450

2,036

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“…In intact plant mitochondria fed with ornithine very little release of P5C was detected, supporting the concept that glutamate is an obligate intermediate in the conversion of ornithine to proline in plants (Elthon and Stewart 1982). The situation seems to be different in mammalian cells, where dOAT, P5CS and at least one P5CR isoform might colocalize in mitochondria (Aral and Kamoun 1997;Hu et al 2008b;Reversade et al 2009). In humans, dOAT deficiency is associated with high ornithine levels in blood and urine (Ramesh et al 1991).…”

Section: Proline Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Proline metabolism and transport in plant development

et al. 2010

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Proline fulfils diverse functions in plants. As amino acid it is a structural component of proteins, but it also plays a role as compatible solute under environmental stress conditions. Proline metabolism involves several subcellular compartments and contributes to the redox balance of the cell. Proline synthesis has been associated with tissues undergoing rapid cell divisions, such as shoot apical meristems, and appears to be involved in floral transition and embryo development. High levels of proline can be found in pollen and seeds, where it serves as compatible solute, protecting cellular structures during dehydration. The proline concentrations of cells, tissues and plant organs are regulated by the interplay of biosynthesis, degradation and intra-as well as intercellular transport processes. Among the proline transport proteins characterized so far, both general amino acid permeases and selective compatible solute transporters were identified, reflecting the versatile role of proline under stress and non-stress situations. The review summarizes our current knowledge on proline metabolism and transport in view of plant development, discussing regulatory aspects such as the influence of metabolites and hormones. Additional information from animals, fungi and bacteria is included, showing similarities and differences to proline metabolism and transport in plants.

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“…1). Acetylation acts as a protecting group strategy, preventing the spontaneous cyclization of the glutamate semialdehyde intermediate, thus precluding the formation of the proline precursor pyrroline-5-carboxylate (4). Two alternative pathways have evolved for the subsequent removal of the acetyl group and regulation of metabolic flow through the pathway.…”

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confidence: 99%