The Prominent Role of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide in Spermatogenesis and Function of Spermatozoa: A Mini Review

Abstract

Spermatogenesis is a great, complex, and long process. This process take place in the tubulus seminiferus of the testis and consists of three phases i.e. proliferation, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. In proliferation phase, the number of cells were multiplied, while in the meiosis occurs the completion of cleavage to form haploid cells. In the spermiogenesis, the cells perform a morphological change to form the mature gamet that is spermatozoa. Spermatogenesis involves the role of hormones and many molecules resulting the functional spermatozoa which crucial to induce the process of fertilization. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is an elderly and multifunctional molecule that necessary in spermatogenesis and the quality of spermatozoa. Many results revealed that PACAP molecule is responsible for male reproduction and fertility. The main objective of this review is to describe the prominent role of PACAP in spermatogenesis and the spermatozoa function.