“…The value of a choice not only relies on its absolute monetary amount, but also on the relative monetary amount in accordance with a certain reference point (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979). Besides the possible opportunity of attaining higher profits (Shane & Venkataraman, 2000), creating a new venture also means new combinations of knowledge, ways of learning, as well as creative destruction and entry into new markets (Gibb, 2002). But for some people, they perceive a new venture with the possibility of high monetary loss and thus have no interest.…”
Section: Blends Of Anticipated Emotion and Judgmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Discovering opportunities is an important facet of entrepreneurial activity (Shane & Venkataraman, 2000). Yet, individuals differ in their opportunity judgments; new ventures may be judged as either an opportunity or a risk.…”
“…The value of a choice not only relies on its absolute monetary amount, but also on the relative monetary amount in accordance with a certain reference point (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979). Besides the possible opportunity of attaining higher profits (Shane & Venkataraman, 2000), creating a new venture also means new combinations of knowledge, ways of learning, as well as creative destruction and entry into new markets (Gibb, 2002). But for some people, they perceive a new venture with the possibility of high monetary loss and thus have no interest.…”
Section: Blends Of Anticipated Emotion and Judgmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Discovering opportunities is an important facet of entrepreneurial activity (Shane & Venkataraman, 2000). Yet, individuals differ in their opportunity judgments; new ventures may be judged as either an opportunity or a risk.…”
“…Figure 2 in the Appendix shows the average new firm start-up rates between 1994 and 2009. New firm formation is used frequently in regional economic development and economic geography research (Capello et al 2008;Acs et al 2009;Dijkstra et al 2013) to entrepreneurial activity often described as entrepreneurial events (Shane and Venkataraman 2000;Audretsch 2003). …”
Policy makers have identified the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic development. Yet, little is known about how this relationship varies over time in cities with different market sizes. This study examines the link between entrepreneurship and economic development using a panel of 127 European cities between 1994 and 2009. We found that the immediate economic development impact of new firm start-ups is positive for both small-/medium-size cities and large cities. The relationship is U-shaped for large cities, with the indirect effect taking 7 years, but the indirect effect does not occur in small-/medium-size cities. We offer useful information for policy makers, practitioners, and scholars.
JEL Classification
“…Entrepreneurship research has been defined as the study of phenomena and relationships that occur and result from the nexus between an enterprising individual and an opportunity (Shane and Venkataraman, 2000;Venkataraman, 1997). A central question pertaining to its domain is the understanding of what makes entrepreneurs identify and act upon opportunities (Allinson et al, 2000).…”
᭹ This paper develops and tests a model of risk perception that draws from entrepreneurship and cognitive theories.We propose that the perception of risk associated with strategic opportunities is influenced by the individual's past experience related to the opportunity, their cognitive style for gathering and analysing relevant information and their tolerance for ambiguous situations and outcomes. Furthermore, we posit that the individual's proactive disposition is central to these relationships.The model is tested on a sample of top managers of small and medium size firms regarding their risk perception associated with international expansion. Considerable support is found for the overall model.
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