The Promise of Metal-Doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Agent

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance (AMR) is one of the pressing global public health concerns and projections indicate a potential 10 million fatalities by the year 2050. The decreasing effectiveness of commercially available antibiotics due to the drug resistance phenomenon has spurred research efforts to develop potent and safe antimicrobial agents. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), especially when doped with metals, have emerged as a promising avenue for combating microbial infections. Like IONPs, the antimicrobial activities of doped-IONPs are also linked to their surface charge, size, and shape. Doping metals on nanoparticles can alter the size and magnetic properties by reducing the energy band gap and combining electronic charges with spins. Furthermore, smaller metal-doped nanoparticles tend to exhibit enhanced antimicrobial activity due to their higher surface-to-volume ratio, facilitating greater interaction with bacterial cells. Moreover, metal doping can also lead to increased charge density in magnetic nanoparticles and thereby elevate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. These ROS play a vital role to disrupt bacterial cell membrane, proteins, or nucleic acids. In this review, we compared the antimicrobial activities of different doped-IONPs, elucidated their mechanism(s), and put forth opinions for improved biocompatibility.

Drug Delivery Nano-Platforms for Advanced Cancer Therapy

“…One of strategy for changes of the magnetic properties and bioactivity includes doping IONPs with other metals, such as cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and gadolinium (Gd) [218] resulting in the fabrication of unique multimodal nanoparticles [219]. Several metal-doped IONPs exhibit antimicrobial activity through generation of ROS [220] and, thus, potential toxic.…”

Coordinative Compounds Based on Unsaturated Carboxylate with Versatile Biological Applications

“…For instance, in the case of microbial infections, both resistance [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and biofilm (mono-and polymicrobial) development [25][26][27][28][29][30] complicate the process of finding an adequate treatment. These aspects finally produced the necessity of searching for new antimicrobials that are more efficient in both cases and the scientific results evidence that these complexes can provide promising treatment in both situations [23,25].…”

Crafting Iron Oxides for Next-Generation Biomedical Applications

“…The development of iron oxides so far, including doping and defect engineering, , compositing and decorating, , surface and interface engineering, as well as structure and morphology development have been exponentially conducted. Modification in phase, crystal, and electronic structures of iron oxides would influence their physical properties, which determine their practical applications.…”

“…The proper choice of strategies is important, such as doping and defect engineering, , compositing and decorating, , surface and interface engineering, as well as structure and morphology development . These are mostly used to craft iron oxides being worthy in biomedical applications.…”