The promoter of
            <i>LE-ACS7</i>
            , an early flooding-induced 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene of the tomato, is tagged by a
            <i>Sol3</i>
            transposon

Shiu, Oi Yin; Oetiker, Jürg H.; Yip, Wing Kin; Yang, Shang Fa

doi:10.1073/pnas.95.17.10334

Cited by 114 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Oetiker et al (1997) showed that not only LeACS2 but also LeACS5 and LeACS6 were markedly expressed in suspensioncultured cells treated with an elicitor. Expressions of LeACS3 and LeACS7 were rapidly induced in flooded roots and in wounded leaves within 1 h after treatment (Shiu et al, 1998). Collectively, these data demonstrate that one or more ACS isogenes are responsible for ethylene production in response to a single stimulus.…”

Section: Ethylene Biosynthesis In Response To External Stressesmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…In tomato, nine ACS isogenes have been reported and their expression patterns have been well studied (Oetiker et al, 1997;Olson et al, 1991;Rottmann et al, 1991;Shiu et al, 1998;Van der Straeten et al, 1990;Yip et al, 1992). During fruit development and ripening, preclimacteric system 1 ethylene production is mediated by LeACS1A, LeACS3 and LeACS6 isogenes, and LeACS2 and LeACS4 are responsible for system 2 ethylene production (Barry et al, 2000;reviewed by Inaba, 2007;Nakatsuka et al, 1998).…”

Section: ) Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ethylene production is induced in response to many environmental stimuli, such as touching, wounding, pathogen attack, and flooding. Wound-inducible ACS isogenes have been most thoroughly characterized in tomato (Olson et al, 1991;Rottmann et al, 1991;Shiu et al, 1998;Van der Straeten et al, 1990). LeACS2 is expressed in ripening fruit, and transcripts of LeACS2 are accumulated in a large amount in fruit within 2 h after wounding (Lincoln et al, 1993).…”

Section: Ethylene Biosynthesis In Response To External Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethylene Biosynthesis and Perception in Fruit

Tatsuki

2010

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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The gaseous plant hormone ethylene plays an essential role in a number of developmental processes, including seed germination, seedling growth, leaf and petal abscission, fruit ripening, and senescence. 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) is a key enzyme in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway, and its activity increased in response to endogenous and exogenous factors. In fruit, different ACS isogenes are induced and are responsible for differences in ethylene production among cultivars. ACS is phosphorylated in vivo, and phosphorylation confers protein stability. Ethylene is perceived by ethylene receptors, many of which have been identified and are known to be negative regulators of ethylene signaling. This review focuses on transcriptional and post-translational regulation of ACS. Furthermore, the effect of ethylene on the stability of ethylene receptors in apple is described.

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Section: Ethylene Biosynthesis In Response To External Stressesmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: ) Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ethylene Biosynthesis In Response To External Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethylene Biosynthesis and Perception in Fruit

Tatsuki

2010

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…Tomato ACS is encoded by a multigene family containing at least eight members (LEACS1A, LEACS1B, and LEACS2-7; Zarembinski and Theologis, 1994;Oetiker et al, 1997;Shiu et al, 1998). The expression of some members of the ACS gene family has been investigated in fruit, roots, and leaves at different developmental stages and under various environmental conditions (Van der Straeten et al, 1990;Olson et al, 1991Olson et al, , 1995Rottmann et al, 1991;Yip et al, 1992;Lincoln et al, 1993;Spanu et al, 1993;Nakatsuka et al, 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Ethylene Biosynthesis in Response to Pollination in Tomato Flowers

2000

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Pollination of many flowers leads to an increase in ethylene synthesis and flower senescence. We have investigated the regulation of pollination-induced ethylene synthesis in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) using flowers of the dialytic (dl) mutant, in which pollination can be manipulated experimentally, with the aim of developing a model system to study tomato flower senescence. Ethylene synthesis increased rapidly in dl pistils following pollination, leading to accelerated petal senescence, and was delayed in ethylene-insensitive Never-ripe (Nr) pistils. However, Nr pistils eventually produced more ethylene than dl pistils, suggesting the presence of negative feedback regulation of ethylene synthesis following pollination. LEACS1A expression correlated well with increased ethylene production in pollinated dl pistils, and expression in Nr revealed that regulation is via an ethylene-independent mechanism. In contrast, the induction of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidases, LEACO1 and LEACO3, following pollination is ethylene dependent. In addition, the expression profiles of ACS and ACO genes were determined during petal senescence and a hypothesis proposed that translocated 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid from the pistil may be important for regulating the initial burst of ethylene production during petal senescence. These results are discussed and differences between tomato and the ornamental species previously studied are highlighted.Pollination leads to the onset of fruit development and the senescence of floral organs that become obsolete after pollination has occurred. In many flowers, the initial response to pollination is an early increase in ethylene production by the stigma that is often followed by increased ethylene production from ovaries and petals. The pollination-induced ethylene produced by different floral organs is responsible for coordinating pollination-associated events such as ovary growth and senescence of the perianth (for review, see Larsen et al., 1993;Woltering et al., 1994). Ethylene is synthesized by two enzymes: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS), which catalyzes the conversion of S-adenosyl-l-Met into ACC, and ACC oxidase (ACO), which converts ACC into ethylene (Kende, 1993). These enzymes are encoded by multigene families in all species examined (Zarembinski and Theologis, 1994). The effect of pollination on the expression pattern of these genes has been studied in the ornamental species carnation, geranium, petunia, and orchid. Increased ethylene synthesis following pollination of these flowers is accompanied by increased ACS and ACO gene expression and elevated enzyme activities (Woodson et al

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“…Differences in the regulation of LE-ACS3 and LE-ACS-5 expression were also discovered in response to other stimuli: LE-ACS3 is induced early after root flooding, whereas LE-ACS5 does not respond to this stimulus (Shiu et al, 1998), and only LE-ACS3 is expressed in petals (Llop-Tous et al, 2000) and in ripening fruit (Nakatsuka et al, 1998). Our data provide additional evidence for differential regulation of LE-ACS3 and LE-ACS5 expression: The LE-ACS3-activating pathway must contain at least one cytokinin-regulated step, either before or after the action of the DGT gene product.…”

Section: Cytokinins Inhibit Auxin-induced Ethylene Synthesis and Le-amentioning

confidence: 98%

Cytokinin Inhibits a Subset of Diageotropica-Dependent Primary Auxin Responses in Tomato

et al. 2003

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Many aspects of plant development are regulated by antagonistic interactions between the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin, but the molecular mechanisms of this interaction are not understood. To test whether cytokinin controls plant development through inhibiting an early step in the auxin response pathway, we compared the effects of cytokinin with those of the dgt (diageotropica) mutation, which is known to block rapid auxin reactions of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) hypocotyls. Long-term cytokinin treatment of wild-type seedlings phenocopied morphological traits of dgt plants such as stunting of root and shoot growth, reduced elongation of internodes, reduced apical dominance, and reduced leaf size and complexity. Cytokinin treatment also inhibited rapid auxin responses in hypocotyl segments: auxin-stimulated elongation, H ϩ secretion, and ethylene synthesis were all inhibited by cytokinin in wild-type hypocotyl segments, and thus mimicked the impaired auxin responsiveness found in dgt hypocotyls. However, cytokinin failed to inhibit auxin-induced LeSAUR gene expression, an auxin response that is affected by the dgt mutation. In addition, cytokinin treatment inhibited the auxin induction of only one of two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase genes that exhibited impaired auxin inducibility in dgt hypocotyls. Thus, cytokinin inhibited a subset of the auxin responses impaired in dgt hypocotyls, suggesting that cytokinin blocks at least one branch of the DGT-dependent auxin response pathway.The balance between auxin and cytokinin controls a wide range of processes in plant development, including the formation of roots, shoots, and callus tissue in vitro (Skoog and Miller, 1957), the outgrowth of shoot axillary buds (Sachs and Thimann, 1967), and the formation of lateral roots (Wightman et al., 1980; Hinchee and Rost, 1986). Mutual control of active auxin and cytokinin pools, interactive control of gene expression, and posttranslational effects have been described as possible mechanisms underlying such physiological interactions (Coenen and Lomax, 1997). However, the relationship between classical hormone interactions at the physiological level and molecular auxin-cytokinin interactions is presently not well defined. Auxin-Cytokinin Interactions during Hypocotyl ElongationAuxin-cytokinin interactions can be observed in the elongation response of dicot hypocotyl segments. Auxin-induced elongation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus; DeRopp, 1956) and soybean (Glycine max; Vanderhoef et al., 1973; Vanderhoef and Stahl, 1975) hypocotyl segments is inhibited in the presence of cytokinins. This inhibition is detectable within 10 min of cytokinin addition and is not mediated by changes in ethylene synthesis (Vanderhoef and Stahl, 1975). Based on the time course of auxin-induced elongation growth in the presence and absence of cytokinin, Vanderhoef and Stahl (1975) proposed that cytokinin selectively inhibits the later phase of auxininduced elongation and may not influence rapid growth processes mediate...

show abstract

The promoter of LE-ACS7 , an early flooding-induced 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene of the tomato, is tagged by a Sol3 transposon

Cited by 114 publications

References 42 publications

Ethylene Biosynthesis and Perception in Fruit

Ethylene Biosynthesis and Perception in Fruit

Regulation of Ethylene Biosynthesis in Response to Pollination in Tomato Flowers

Cytokinin Inhibits a Subset of Diageotropica-Dependent Primary Auxin Responses in Tomato

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