The promotion of the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation ability of nitrogen vacancy-embedded graphitic carbon nitride by replacing the corner-site carbon atom with phosphorus

Abstract

Tuning a catalyst's structure is an effective method to modify its physicochemical and electronic properties.

Defect Engineering of Photocatalysts for Solar Energy Conversion

“…To introduce the defects into the semiconductors, chemical reduction approaches such as thermal treatment at reducing atmosphere, chemical reduction by reducing agents, and flame reduction are regarded as the promising strategies to create the surface defects into various photocatalysts. Using the reducing atmosphere, such as H 2 , CO, NH 3 , and H 2 S, various defects can be generated in the photocatalysts . For instance, CO and H 2 atmosphere were used to reduce TiO 2 , presenting the OVs and disorder layers in H–TiO 2 and CO–TiO 2 .…”

“…Using thermal treatment, carbon vacancies confined in porous g‐C 3 N 4 nanosheets with sulfur‐doping were collected in NH 3 atmosphere . Typically, through two‐step thermal treatment, N vacancy and phosphorus confined in g‐C 3 N 4 under H 2 atmosphere was synthesized for PC nitrogen fixation . Therefore, the thermal treatment at reducing atmosphere is a facile and versatile way to generate diversified defects and even manifold defects in the target photocatalysts.…”

“…Using the reducing atmosphere, such as H 2 , CO, NH 3 , and H 2 S, various defects can be generated in the photocatalysts. [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69] For instance, CO and H 2 atmosphere were used to reduce TiO 2 , presenting the OVs and disorder layers in H-TiO 2 and CO-TiO 2 . [60] Using thermal treatment, carbon vacancies confined in porous g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets with sulfur-doping were collected in NH 3 atmosphere.…”

Defect and Interface Engineering on Two‐Dimensional Nanosheets for the Photocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Reaction

“…(g) The ESR of as-prepared catalysts; (h, i) The optimal N 2 adsorption model and the charge density difference of the N 2 molecule adsorbed on V N -GCN (k) and V N -P-GCN (l). [82] (g-i) Reproduced with permission from Ref. [82].…”

“…. From PL spectra under Ar or N 2 , [82] adjusting nitrogen defects and phosphorus doping can improve the separation of charge carriers. Moreover, the two bonding orbitals were occupied and the empty antibonding orbitals were occupied by the transferred electrons, which can activate molecular N 2 .…”