The Propaganda Model: a retrospective

Herman, Edward S.

doi:10.1080/146167000361195

Cited by 126 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Criticisms of the PM within the context of scholarly discourse have by this point in time been quite exhaustively rehearsed (Herman, 2000;Klaehn, 2002a;2003a;2005b;Mullen, 2008), yet misconceptions about the model continue to circulate widely: in textbooks, university departments, classrooms, and on the worldwide web. Herman (2000) comments that many of the initial critiques advanced against the PM 'displayed a barely-concealed anger, and in most of them the Propaganda Model was dismissed with a few superficial clichés (conspiratorial, simplistic, etc.…”

Section: Critiques Associated With the Propaganda Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herman and Chomsky have both written at length about dissent culture (see Chomsky, 1997a;Klaehn, 2002a). Herman (2000) has pointed out that critics of the PM often ignore the fact that the PM is actually 'about how the media work, not how effective they are'.…”

Section: ______________________________ Westminster Papers In Communimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herman (2000) comments that many of the initial critiques advanced against the PM 'displayed a barely-concealed anger, and in most of them the Propaganda Model was dismissed with a few superficial clichés (conspiratorial, simplistic, etc. ), without fair presentation or subjecting it to the test of evidence'.…”

Section: Critiques Associated With the Propaganda Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preferred meanings that are structured (encoded) into news discourses are overwhelmingly 'those that are functional for elites' (Herman and Chomsky, 1988, 23). Herman (2000) writes that: 'Studies of news sources reveal that a significant proportion of news originates in public relations releases. There are, by one count, 20,000 more public relations agents working to doctor the news today than there are journalists writing it.'…”

Section: ______________________________ Westminster Papers In Communimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The five filter elements outlined above constitute the foundations of the PM (see Herman, 2000;Klaehn, 2002a;2003a;2003b). Taken together, the five filters provide a framework that illuminates why and how structural dimensions encourage a systematic right-wing bias and limited range of debate within mainstream media discourses.…”

Section: ______________________________ Westminster Papers In Communimentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Propaganda Model: Theoretical and Methodological Considerations

Klaehn¹

2009

WPCC

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This article provides an overview of the Propaganda Model and rehearses central theoretical considerations concerning the model's overall understanding of media behaviour. The article then advances a contemporary state-of-the-art discourse on the methodological techniques that may be utilized in applying the model, highlights potentially complementary approaches to the critical study of mass media behaviour and explores criticisms of the model.The 'Propaganda Model' (PM) of media operations advanced by Herman and Chomsky (1988) is analytically and conceptually concerned to engage with the question of how ideological and communicative power connect with economic, political and social power, and to explore the consequent effects upon media output. This article overviews the PM and highlights central arguments associated with the PM regarding overall patterns of media behaviour. The article then considers ways in which the PM may be applied, exploring the methodological techniques that may be utilized in applying the model. The article also highlights potentially complementary approaches to the critical study of mass media behaviour and explores criticisms of the model. The Herman-Chomsky Propaganda Model -An OverviewThe PM's five filter elements draw attention to the main structural constraints that impact overall patterns of media performance. Herman and Chomsky correctly observe that most mainstream media are themselves typically large corporations, 'controlled by very wealthy people or by managers who are subject to sharp constraints by owners and other market-profit-oriented forces ' (Herman and Chomsky, 1988, 14). Their model suggests that ownership, size and profit ______________________________ Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture

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