The propagation of electromagnetic wave in gradually ionized plasmas

Abstract

A simple model is proposed to describe the propagation of the electromagnetic (EM) wave in gradually ionized plasmas. Particle simulation with particle-in-cell code is performed to verify this model. The frequency spectrum of the EM wave is studied in detail, and a new way to broaden the frequency of the wave effectively is proposed. The reflection and transmission of the EM wave in such plasmas are also discussed.