The Propagation of Radio Waves

Budden, K. G.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511564321

Cited by 689 publications

(355 citation statements)

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“…[6] Ignoring the effects of positive ions, the refractive index in the ionosphere is given by the Appleton-Lassen formula [Budden, 1985]. Using a series expansion to second order, the refractive index at GPS frequencies can be written as…”

Section: Algorithm Derivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new algorithm for retrieving GPS radio occultation total electron content

Syndergaard

2002

Geophysical Research Letters

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A new algorithm for retrieving the relative ionospheric satellite‐to‐satellite total electron content during Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultations is proposed. The algorithm consists of a linear combination of the L1 and L2 excess phase data using precise orbit information of the transmitter and receiver. The combination eliminates the effects of refractive bending and dispersion to first order. Simulations, representative of solar maximum conditions, show that using the “traditional” combination of the L1 and L2 phases, bending and dispersion may cause a systematic residual error of up to 20 TECU. Using only the L1 excess phase, the corresponding maximum residual error is about 7 TECU. The proposed combination results in a residual error due to bending and dispersion less than 0.1 TECU. Uncertainty in satellite orbit determination, as well as an unmodeled residual related to the geomagnetic field, result in a total systematic error of 1–2 TECU.

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Section: Algorithm Derivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new algorithm for retrieving GPS radio occultation total electron content

Syndergaard

2002

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The cutoff frequency of a given mode is a function of Ne, B, and propagation angle 0 (angle between B and the wave normal). In the cold plasma theory there are three modes, referred to as X, O, and Z modes [Budden, 1988].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma density distribution along the magnetospheric field: RPI observations from IMAGE

Reinisch

Huang

Song

et al. 2001

Geophysical Research Letters

122

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Abstract. A new technique is introduced that remotely measures the plasma density profile in the plasmasphere. Radio plasma imager (RPI) echo observations provide echo delay time as function of frequency, from which the plasma density as function of position along the magnetic field line can be calculated. An example from the nightside plasmasphere (L--3) shows the density having its minimum value near the equator and rapidly increasing densities along the field line above 40 ø magnetic latitude. The density increases at a faster rate toward the ionosphere than the field strength. The index of the power law of the density as a function of field strength increases from a few tenths near the equator to close to unity near 40 ø and greater than 2 near the ionosphere.

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“…1(a)), the reflection coefficient for the waves excited at the outer magnetosphere (coming from the L-cutoff side) is given by R = (1 − T ) 2 , limiting the conversion efficiency to be (Budden 1985)…”

Section: Conditions For Efficient Mode Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunneling and mode conversion of fast magnetosonic waves in the magnetospheres of Earth and Mercury

Kazakov¹,

Fülöp

2014

J. Plasma Phys.

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(Received ?; revised ?; accepted ?. -To be entered by editorial office) Narrow-band linearly polarized waves, having a resonant structure and a peak frequency between the local cyclotron frequency of protons and heavy ions, have been detected in the magnetospheres of Earth and of Mercury. Some of these wave events have been suggested to be driven by linear mode conversion (MC) of the fast magnetosonic waves at the ion-ion hybrid (IIH) resonances. Since the resonant IIH frequency is linked to the plasma composition, solving the inverse problem allows one to infer the concentration of the heavy ions from the measured frequency spectra. In this paper, we identify the conditions when the MC efficiency is maximized in the magnetospheric plasmas and discuss how this can be applied for estimating the heavy ion concentration in the magnetospheres of Earth and Mercury.

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The Propagation of Radio Waves

Cited by 689 publications

References 0 publications

A new algorithm for retrieving GPS radio occultation total electron content

A new algorithm for retrieving GPS radio occultation total electron content

Plasma density distribution along the magnetospheric field: RPI observations from IMAGE

Tunneling and mode conversion of fast magnetosonic waves in the magnetospheres of Earth and Mercury

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