The prophylaxis and treatment potential of supplements for COVID-19

Sahebnasagh, Adeleh; Saghafi, Fatemeh; Avan, Razieh; Khoshi, Amirhosein; Khataminia, Masoud; Safdari, Mohammadreza; Habtemariam, Solomon; Ghaleno, Hassan Rezai; Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad

doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173530

Cited by 40 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Dietary or drug supplements containing vitamins and essential nutrients that boost the immune system are a low-cost and effective adjuvant strategy for the acute respiratory tract complications of COVID-19 [ 34 ]. During the pandemic, many people began taking dietary supplements to boost their immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) Questionnaire to Assess Levels of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Healthcare and Administrative Staff in 5 Oncology Institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina During the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2021

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Background Providing oncology services during a pandemic can contribute to mental health challenges among healthcare workers. The present study aimed to evaluate the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in healthcare and administrative staff in 5 oncology institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in 2020 during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire. Material/Methods A cross-sectional observational study enrolled 175 healthcare and administrative workers from 5 oncology institutions in BiH during December 2020. Data were collected using a questionnaire that captured general information about the participants and a DASS-21 questionnaire. Results Statistical analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress ( P =0.003, P =0.011, and P =0.022, respectively) among participants with comorbidities connected with increased risk of severe illness caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compared with participants without comorbidities. There was also a statistically significant difference in the levels of stress among participants from different cities ( P =0.031). Supplement intake and educational level were significantly related ( P =0.012). High levels of stress and anxiety were accompanied by high levels of depression among participants ( P <0.01). Conclusions The findings from the present study showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has had an effect on depression, anxiety, and stress levels in oncology staff in BiH. Monitoring these levels and providing interventions and support to oncology staff are increasingly important for their wellbeing and retention at a time of global crisis in healthcare.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) Questionnaire to Assess Levels of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Healthcare and Administrative Staff in 5 Oncology Institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina During the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic

et al. 2021

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“…This life-threatening condition is dependent on the downstream process leading to oxidative stress, dysregulation of iron homeostasis, hypercoagulability, and thrombocytopenia (36, 37). In this context several studies have proposed that CMCS components may be effective to inhibit the production of proinflammatory molecules (e.g., IL6, CCL5, CXCL8, and CXCL10) and improve impaired mitochondrial functions by reducing enhanced oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation and disturbed glucose tolerance (38, 39). Given the evidence of breaking the overactive immune response with CMCS components, early treatment with CMCS may be beneficial to reduce the progression risk that leads to severe respiratory distress, and lung damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Metabolic Activators accelerates recovery in mild-to-moderate COVID-19

Altay

Arif

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BACKGROUND The characteristics of COVID-19 outbreak and high fatality rate of COVID-19 infection have attracted the attention of scientists due to the strong interactions between components of metabolic syndrome, metabolic abnormalities, and viral pathobiology of COVID-19. Combined metabolic cofactors supplementation (CMCS) consisting of L-serine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), nicotinamide riboside (NR), and L-carnitine tartrate is being studied for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a placebo-controlled, phase-2 clinical trial involving ambulatory COVID-19 patients. A total of 100 patients were randomly assigned on a 3:1 basis to hydroxychloroquine plus CMCS or hydroxychloroquine plus placebo. The total treatment period for the hydroxychloroquine was 5 days, and for the CMCS/placebo was 14 days. Clinical status was evaluated daily by phone, using a binomial scale for subject reported presence or absence for multiple COVID-19 related symptoms. Plasma samples for clinical chemistry analyses were collected on day 0 and day 14. RESULTS A total of 93 patients completed the trial. The combination of CMCS and hydroxychloroquine significantly reduced the average complete recovery time compared with hydroxychloroquine and placebo (6.6 days vs 9.3 days, respectively). Moreover, there was a significant reduction in ALT, AST and LDH levels on day 14 compared to day 0 in the hydroxychloroquine plus CMCS group. The adverse effects were uncommon and self-limiting. CONCLUSIONS In patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19, CMCS resulted in a significant reduction in recovery time and liver enzymes associated with hepatic function compared to placebo. We observed that CMSC is associated with a low incidence of adverse events.

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“…In another study investigating the efficacy of antioxidant supplementation in COVID-19 patients, 2840 IU vitamin A, 1.2 mg β-carotene, 205 mg vitamin C, 75 IU vitamin E, 18 μg selenium, and 5.7 mg zinc were administered daily. Results from this study are expected to be obtained at the end of 2020 ( 145 ). Similarly, Caccialanza et al ( 146 ) provided 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] to noncritical COVID-19 patients if they were shown to be deficient.…”

Section: Reinforced Balanced Diets Aging and Physical And Mental Stmentioning

confidence: 91%

Western Dietary Pattern Antioxidant Intakes and Oxidative Stress: Importance During the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Pandemic

Trujillo-Mayol

Guerra‐Valle

Casas-Forero

et al. 2021

Advances in Nutrition

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The importance of balanced dietary habits, which include appropriate amounts of antioxidants to maintain the immune system, has become increasingly relevant during the current SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic, because viral infections are characterized by high oxidative stress. Furthermore, the measures taken by governments to control the pandemic have led to increased anxiety, stress, and depression, which affect physical and mental health, all of which are influenced by nutritional status, diet, and lifestyle. The Mediterranean diet (MD), Atlantic diet (AD), and the Dietary Guidelines for Americans all provide the essential vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds needed to activate enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant responses. However, viral pandemics such as the current COVID-19 crisis entail high oxidative damage caused by both the infection and the resultant social stresses within populations, which increases the probability and severity of infection. Balanced dietary patterns such as the MD and the AD are characterized by the consumption of fruit, vegetables, legumes, olive oil, and whole grains with low intakes of processed foods and red meat. For a healthy lifestyle in young adults, the MD in particular provides the required amount of antioxidants per day for vitamins D (0.3–3.8 μg), E (17.0 mg), C (137.2–269.8 mg), A (1273.3 μg), B-12 (1.5–2.0 μg), and folate (455.1–561.3 μg), the minerals Se (120.0 μg), Zn (11.0 mg), Fe (15.0–18.8 mg), and Mn (5.2–12.5 mg), and polyphenols (1171.00 mg) needed to maintain an active immune response. However, all of these diets are deficient in the recommended amount of vitamin D (20 μg/d). Therefore, vulnerable populations such as elders and obese individuals could benefit from antioxidant supplementation to improve their antioxidant response. Although evidence remains scarce, there is some indication that a healthy diet, along with supplemental antioxidant intake, is beneficial to COVID-19 patients.

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The prophylaxis and treatment potential of supplements for COVID-19

Cited by 40 publications

References 119 publications

Use of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) Questionnaire to Assess Levels of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Healthcare and Administrative Staff in 5 Oncology Institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina During the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic

Use of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) Questionnaire to Assess Levels of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Healthcare and Administrative Staff in 5 Oncology Institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina During the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic

Combined Metabolic Activators accelerates recovery in mild-to-moderate COVID-19

Western Dietary Pattern Antioxidant Intakes and Oxidative Stress: Importance During the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Pandemic

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