The prophylaxis of pulmonary embolism: A clinical programme

Varicose Veins, Deep Vein Thrombosis, and Haemorrhoids: Epidemiology and Suggested Aetiology

“…Venous return has been shown to fall to half its normal rate during operation (Doran et al, 1964;Clarke and Cotton, 1968), and even during postoperative bed recumbency (Wright et al, 1951). In keeping with these observations Gibbs (1959) and Sevitt and Gallagher (1959) showed that immobilizing a patient for more than three days induces a serious risk of deep vein thrombosis. Negus et al (1969) failed to show any difference in platelet adhesiveness between patients with and without deep vein thrombosis.…”

Prevention of Postoperative Leg Vein Thrombosis by Electrical Muscle Stimulation. An Evaluation with 125I-Labelled Fibrinogen

“…increase blood flow in the deep veins of the leg, during and after surgical procedures, by a variety of methods. These include early ambulation (Nelson, 1944), raising of the legs (Pearson, 1954), elastic compression of the legs (Wilkins et al, 1952), exercise machines (Gibbs, 1959), and electrical stimulation of the calf muscles (Doran et al, 1964). Doran et al (1964) showed that the velocity of venous blood flow in the leg reached its lowest level during operation and argued that this was the most important period to try to increase it.…”

Prevention of Early Postoperative Deep Vein Thrombosis by Passive Exercise of Leg during Surgery

“…The coexistence of thrombosis and stasis in the soleal sinuses of surgical patients (Gibbs, 1957;Roberts, 1963;Cotton and Clark, 1965) led to the assumption that stasis and/or the associating diminution of pulsatility of venous flow may be an initiating factor for the subsequent thrombosis. Accordingly it was suggested that exercise of the calf muscles was necessary to eliminate the stasis in the soleal sinuses (Gibbs, 1959).…”

“…Accordingly it was suggested that exercise of the calf muscles was necessary to eliminate the stasis in the soleal sinuses (Gibbs, 1959). An ergometer which was intended to act as a postoperative foot exerciser was designed by Gibbs (1959).…”

“…Accordingly it was suggested that exercise of the calf muscles was necessary to eliminate the stasis in the soleal sinuses (Gibbs, 1959). An ergometer which was intended to act as a postoperative foot exerciser was designed by Gibbs (1959). The diminution of both the mean value and the pulsatility of venous flow in the per-operative period (Clark and Cotton, 1968) seems to initiate the formation of thrombosis while the operation is still in progress (Flanc et al, 1968) or shortly afterwards.…”