The proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation-concept; the state of the evidence, a narrative review

Smedes, Fred; Heidmann, Marianne; Schäfer, Carsten; Fischer, Nicola; Stępień, Agnieszka

doi:10.1080/10833196.2016.1216764

Cited by 51 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…1 Following its development, the PNF concept evolved into a rehabilitation approach used for a number of conditions of neurological and musculoskeletal origin. 2 Voss, Ionta, and Meyers 3 defined PNF as 'methods of promoting or hastening the response of the neuromuscular mechanism through stimulation of the proprioceptors'. The PNF approach consists of an overarching philosophy, a defined set of basic principles and procedures, and a description of techniques for use in rehabilitation.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PNF approach consists of an overarching philosophy, a defined set of basic principles and procedures, and a description of techniques for use in rehabilitation. 2…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are currently three narrative reviews which looked at the overall efficacy of the PNF concept as a rehabilitation approach. Smedes et al 2 completed a review of the evidence on the effectiveness of PNF techniques in a variety of subject populations, including patients with neurological, musculoskeletal, geriatric, and pulmonary disorders. In the second narrative review, Westwater-Wood et al 5 evaluated the evidence on the effectiveness of PNF techniques for functional rehabilitation and increasing range of movement in neurological and non-neurological patients.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Method on Gait Parameters in Patients With Stroke: A Systematic Review

Gunning

Uszynski

2019

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

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Objective: The aim of this paper is to review the current evidence on the effectiveness of PNF techniques on gait parameters in patients with stroke. Data Sources: The electronic platforms of CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed, and PEDro were searched using the relevant search terms. Study Selection: Intervention studies that had gait parameters as an outcome and, in which PNF techniques were used in a post stroke population, were reviewed. The studies were reviewed by both authors and a consensus was reached. The literature search identified 84 studies. Following screening, there were 5 studies which met the inclusion criteria for this review. Data extraction: Data was extracted from the studies by both authors and independently reviewed. Methodological quality of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale and for non-RCTs with the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Data Synthesis: It was found that treatment using the PNF method led to a statistically significant improvement in gait outcome measures in patients with stroke in all the studies.

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PNF approach consists of an overarching philosophy, a defined set of basic principles and procedures, and a description of techniques for use in rehabilitation. 2…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectiveness of the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Method on Gait Parameters in Patients With Stroke: A Systematic Review

Gunning

Uszynski

2019

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

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“…This approach imposes great awareness of the performed movement on the individual, a factor that is usually not present and which could be helpful in the rehabilitation of patients with stroke [25]. The use of PNF has been traditionally for rehabilitation to address motor impairments related to musculoskeletal parameters such as strengthening and/or stretching of paretic limbs and motor control/ motor learning [26]. However, the effectiveness of this technique on respiratory parameters is still little known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addition of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation to cardiorespiratory training in patients poststroke: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Souza

Brandão

Martins

et al. 2020

Trials

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Background: Individuals affected by stroke present with changes in cardiovascular and respiratory functions. Cardiorespiratory training (CRT) is one of the classic intervention guidelines for cardiorespiratory fitness. CRT in association with the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) technique for respiratory muscles could improve the quality of life, cardiorespiratory function and gait parameters of patients after stroke. Objective: To assess the effects of respiratory and trunk patterns of CRT associated with PNF on the quality of life, gait, oxygen consumption, respiratory muscle strength and thoracic volumes. Methods/design: A blind, randomized clinical trial with allocation confidentiality will be performed. Forty patients will be randomized into four groups: CRT-lower limb (LL) plus PNF; CRT-LL and respiration; CRT-upper limb (UL) plus PNF; or CRT-UL and respiration. Individuals will be evaluated at three different times (pretreatment, after 20 days of treatment and 1 month after the end of treatment). The treatment protocol consists of respiratory exercises, 30 min of CRT (cycle ergometer) and then repetition of the respiratory exercises, performed three times a week over a period of 20 days. Primary outcome measures are quality of life, gait, balance, peak oxygen uptake and rib cage compartment volumes. As secondary outcomes, respiratory function and maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures will be measured. Discussion: The association of PNF with CRT may be a viable and accessible alternative to increase cardiorespiratory function in patients with stroke. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03171012. Registered on 6 June 2017.

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“…Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) method is used in patients with various motor problems and offers a large number of movement patterns, procedures, and techniques, including effective techniques to improve ROM [ 11 – 13 ]. Precisely described movement patterns allow the therapist to act selectively on particular parts of the musculoskeletal system, including the spine [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An immediate effect of PNF specific mobilization on the angle of trunk rotation and the Trunk-Pelvis-Hip Angle range of motion in adolescent girls with double idiopathic scoliosis—a pilot study

Stępień

Fabian²,

Graff

et al. 2017

Scoliosis

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BackgroundImpairment of spine rotation is a key concept in several theories explaining the pathogenesis and progression of scoliosis. In previous studies, a more limited range of motion in scoliotic girls compared to their non-scoliotic peers was noted. The Trunk-Pelvis-Hip Angle measurement is a test used to assess the range of motion in the trunk-pelvis-hip complex in the transverse plane. The aim of this study was to assess an immediate effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation specific mobilization (mPNF) on the angle of trunk rotation and Trunk-Pelvis-Hip Angle range of motion in adolescent girls with double scoliosis.MethodsThe study was conducted on 83 girls aged 10 to 17 years (mean 13.7 ± 1.9) with double idiopathic scoliosis consisting of a right-sided thoracic curve (mean 25.1° ± 13.9°) and a left-sided thoracolumbar or lumbar curve (mean 20.8° ± 11.4°). The angle of trunk rotation and Trunk-Pelvis-Hip Angle were measured at baseline and after PNF mobilization. Bilateral lower limb patterns of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation were used in combination with the “contract–relax” technique and stimulation of asymmetrical breathing. In the statistical analysis, the SAS rel. 13.2 software was used. Preliminary statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. According to Shapiro-Wilk criterion of normality, the Wilcoxon test was used to compare paired samples. Next, the data was analyzed using multivariate GLM models.ResultsIn adolescent girls with double scoliosis, significant differences between the left and right side of the body concerning the Trunk-Pelvis-Hip Angle ranges were noted. A single, unilateral PNF mobilization significantly decreased the angle of trunk rotation in the thoracic (p < 0.001) and lumbar spine (p < 0.001). Unilateral PNF mobilization also increased the Trunk-Pelvis-Hip Angle ranges on the left (p < 0.001) and right (p < 0.001) side significantly.ConclusionsUnilateral PNF mobilization led to a decrease in the angle of trunk rotation, improvement in the range of motion, and the symmetry of mobility in the transverse plane in the trunk-pelvis-hip complex in adolescent girls with double idiopathic scoliosis. The effects should be treated only as immediate. Further studies are required to determine long-term effects of PNF mobilization on the spinal alignment.Trial registration ISRCTN11750900.

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The proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation-concept; the state of the evidence, a narrative review

Cited by 51 publications

References 64 publications

Effectiveness of the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Method on Gait Parameters in Patients With Stroke: A Systematic Review

Effectiveness of the Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Method on Gait Parameters in Patients With Stroke: A Systematic Review

Addition of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation to cardiorespiratory training in patients poststroke: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

An immediate effect of PNF specific mobilization on the angle of trunk rotation and the Trunk-Pelvis-Hip Angle range of motion in adolescent girls with double idiopathic scoliosis—a pilot study

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