The prospect of using guava leaf extract for biosynthesizing chitosan nanoparticles

Abstract

Chitosan is polysaccharide polymer used for biomedical applications and food packaging. The aim of this investigation is to produce chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs) using guava leaf (Psidium guajava L.) extract as green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant leaf extract is ecofriendly and cost-effective approach. The leaves of guava are nontoxic, full of bioactive compounds, and suitable alternative to avoid chemicals used in other methods. Variations in extract preparation method and ratio of chitosan to leaf extract were examined to investigate the effect of these factors on the particles size. The characterisation of chitosan nanoparticles was conducted using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and zeta potential analysis. The results showed semi-spherical nanoparticles were formed at pH=5 with an average particle size of 21.92 nm and narrow size distribution as, polydispersity index (PDI) value was 0.471. Zeta potential was −27.1 which gives reasonable stability to the nanoparticles in suspension. The effect of storage time of chitosan nanoparticles on the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis was also investigated.

New polyvinyl alcohol/gellan gum-based bioplastics with guava and chickpea extracts for food packaging

“…As the type of solvent used in plants extraction affects the amount of the bioactive material in the extract. Water was the most commonly used solvent for extraction of the active compounds from GL because it is safe and economic 53 . Therefore, in this paper, GL were extracted in hot distilled water.…”

“…The leaves were dried before extraction. This is due to the fact that the phenolic compounds and antioxidants are more concentrated in dried plants than in fresh ones 53 , 54 . It has been reported that water extract of GL is rich in glycosides, saponins, tannins, phenols, terpenoids and flavonoids 31 , 33 .…”

“…A band at 1070 cm -1 corresponds to the –CO of the flavonoids. The broad band at 610 cm -1 corresponds to the heterocyclic compounds in GL extract 31 , 53 .

Figure 4 ( a ) the FTIR of GL extract, ( b ) FTIR of CP extract, ( c ) the galloyl group present in GL extract active compounds 50 , and ( d ) an example of the hydroxy compounds presents in CP extract (genistein) 61 .

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Quality characteristics of strawberry fruit following a combined treatment of laser sterilization and guava leaf-based chitosan nanoparticle coating

“…Chitosan nanoparticles (Gl-ChNps) were prepared based on ionic gelation interaction between positive charges of chitosan and negative charges of guava leaf function groups. Nanoparticles were optimized following the approach documented in a prior study published by our group [40] that detailed the preparation and characterization procedures of ChNps based on guava leaf extract.…”

“…The mixture was stirred at 110 rpm for 30 min. For the obtained solution, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and zeta potential analyses were measured and discussed in detail in our previous study [40]. Chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles coatings were prepared and used fresh.…”