The prostate-specific protein, transglutaminase 4 (TG4), is an autoantigen associated with male subfertility

Iismaa, Siiri E.

doi:10.21037/atm.2016.10.02

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Furthermore, Km values of rat prostate TG for all the polyamines confirm the regulatory role of polyamines in the formation of the seminal clot [63]. Interestingly, the presence of autoantibodies against TG4 in association with human male infertility has recently been demonstrated, suggesting that TG4 plays a key role in the fertilization competence of spermatozoa [64, 65].…”

Section: Role Of Transglutaminase 4 In Prostate Disordersmentioning

confidence: 88%

Search for Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers of Prostate Inflammation-Related Disorders: Role of Transglutaminase Isoforms as Potential Candidates

Savoca

Inferrera

Verderio

et al. 2019

Mediators of Inflammation

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Investigations on prostate inflammation-related disorders, including acute and chronic prostatitis, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer (PCa), are still ongoing to find new, accurate, and noninvasive biomarkers for a differential diagnosis of those pathological conditions sharing some common macroscopic features. Moreover, an ideal biomarker should be useful for risk assessment of prostate inflammation progression to more severe disorders, like BPH or PCa, as well as for monitoring of treatment response and prognosis establishment in carcinoma cases. Recent literature evidence highlighted that changes in the expression of transglutaminases, enzymes that catalyze transamidation reactions leading to posttranslational modifications of soluble proteins, occur in prostate inflammation-related disorders. This review focuses on the role specifically played by transglutaminases 4 (TG4) and 2 (TG2) and suggests that both isoenzymes hold a potential to be included in the list of candidates as novel diagnostic biomarkers for the above-cited prostate pathological conditions.

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Section: Role Of Transglutaminase 4 In Prostate Disordersmentioning

confidence: 88%

Search for Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers of Prostate Inflammation-Related Disorders: Role of Transglutaminase Isoforms as Potential Candidates

Savoca

Inferrera

Verderio

et al. 2019

Mediators of Inflammation

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“…TG3 is primarily expressed in the esophagus, hair follicles, and skin, where it cross-links terminally differentiated keratinocytes to stabilize the cornified cell membrane [108]. The majority of TG4 is found in prostate tissue where it cross-links proteins in seminal vesicle fluid, and TG7 is primarily present in the lungs, testes and brain [109,110]. TG3 has been shown to induce myocardial fibrosis and take part in cardiac remodeling as an alternative to TG2 in TG2 knockout mice.…”

Section: Relationship Of Other Tgs To Fibrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Transglutaminase2: An Enduring Enzyme in Diabetes and Age-Related Metabolic Diseases

Yadav,

Kim

2024

Kinases and Phosphatases

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Tissue transglutaminase2 (TG2) has emerged as a key enigmatic protein in the development of various metabolic and age-related diseases. It catalyzes covalent cross-linking of countless proteins and provides strength to the extracellular matrix and resistance to proteolytic degradation via different pathways, including NF-kβ, TGF-β and PI3K/Akt as the major signaling pathways. The etiology of diabetes and associated diseases has been found to be linked to unbalanced TG2 activity that may not only result in impaired or delayed wound healing in diabetics but also worsen degenerative and metabolic disease conditions. TG2 is usually overexpressed in diabetes, fibrosis, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. These TG2-linked diseases are usually associated with prolonged activation of inflammatory pathways. Therefore, reducing the inflammatory mechanisms and improving tissue remodeling appear to be the main treatment strategies to exterminate TG2-linked diseases. The present review aims to deliver a detailed overview of the existing understanding of TG2 in diabetes and associated diseases’ progression, as well as treatment strategies to regulate TG2 tightly and its potential clinical applications. Our research endorses the notion that TG2 can serve as an effective early-stage diagnostic biomarker for metabolic diseases and a therapeutic target for the development of potential drug.

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“…T A B L E 1 Clinical relevance of transglutaminase (TG) pathologies [1,2,95] All these steps have been realized. [27] A skin humanized mouse model was developed in which human skin equivalents of TG1deficient patients were grafted onto athymic nude mice.…”

Section: Acral Self-healing Collodion Babymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides inherited skin disorders and GRDs, a diversity of human pathologies have been associated with an underlying TG dysfunction [2] ( Table 1). This involves diabetes, [93] male subfertility, [94,95] schizophrenia, [96] hereditary spherocytosis, [97] coagulopathies, [98] age-related cataractogenesis [99] and tumor formation. [39][40][41][42]100]…”

Section: The Role Of Transglutaminases In Further Human Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transglutaminases in autoimmune and inherited skin diseases: The phenomena of epitope spreading and functional compensation

Kárpáti

Sárdy

Németh

et al. 2018

Experimental Dermatology

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Transglutaminases (TGs) are structurally and functionally related enzymes that modify the post-translational structure and activity of proteins or peptides, and thus are able to turn on or switch off their function. Depending on location and activities, TGs are able to modify the signalling, the function and the fate of cells and extracellular connective tissues. Besides mouse models, human diseases enable us to appreciate the function of various TGs. In this study, skin diseases induced by genetic damages or autoimmune targeting of these enzymes will be discussed. TG1, TG3 and TG5 contribute to the cutaneous barrier and thus to the integrity and function of epidermis. TGM1 mutations related to autosomal recessive ichthyosis subtypes, TGM5 mutations to a mild epidermolysis bullosa phenotype and as novelty TGM3 mutation to uncombable hair syndrome will be discussed. Autoimmunity to TG2, TG3 and TG6 may develop in a few of those genetically determined individuals who lost tolerance to gluten, and manifest as coeliac disease, dermatitis herpetiformis or gluten-dependent neurological symptoms, respectively. These gluten responder diseases commonly occur in combination. In autoimmune diseases, the epitope spreading is remarkable, while in some inherited pathologies, a unique compensation of the lost enzyme function is noted. K E Y W O R D Sautosomal recessive ichthyosis, gluten-sensitive diseases, hair mutation, skin barrier defect, transglutaminases

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The prostate-specific protein, transglutaminase 4 (TG4), is an autoantigen associated with male subfertility

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Search for Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers of Prostate Inflammation-Related Disorders: Role of Transglutaminase Isoforms as Potential Candidates

Search for Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers of Prostate Inflammation-Related Disorders: Role of Transglutaminase Isoforms as Potential Candidates

Transglutaminase2: An Enduring Enzyme in Diabetes and Age-Related Metabolic Diseases

Transglutaminases in autoimmune and inherited skin diseases: The phenomena of epitope spreading and functional compensation

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