The protection system for the superconducting elements of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN

Dahlerup-Petersen, K.; Denz, Reiner; Gomez-Costa, J.L.; Hagedorn, D.; Proudlock, P.; Rodrinuez-Mateos, F.; Schmidt, R.; Sonnemann, F.

doi:10.1109/pac.1999.792249

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The energy stored in the magnet circuit can be discharged into an external energy-extraction system [20]- [22]. The main …”

Section: B Energy-extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A protection scheme frequently adopted comprises active-heating units and a by-pass element protecting each coil [20], [31]. This solution, shown in Fig.…”

Section: Quench Heatersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this design, usually only the protection units of the coil where the quench is detected are activated to avoid unnecessarily quenches in the other coils. An energy-extraction system can be added to avoid dissipating the energy of the coils still in the superconducting state in the by-pass element of the quenched coil [20]- [22], [31].…”

Section: Quench Heatersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CLIQ-Based Quench Protection of a Chain of High-Field Superconducting Magnets

Ravaioli

Datskov

Kirby

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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Abstract-Conventional quench protection systems for high magnetic-field superconducting magnets are based on external heaters composed of resistive strips in close contact with the coil, and rely on thermal diffusion across insulation layers of the order of tens of micrometer. The large contact areas between the coil and the heater strips, and the thin insulation between them required for an effective protection constitute a significant risk of electrical breakdown and one of the most common causes of magnet damage. CLIQ technology offers a valid option for a time-and cost-effective repair of magnets with failing heater-based protection systems. In fact, its effective heating mechanism utilizing coupling loss, its robust electrical design, and its fast implementation, as compared to alternative repair options, constitute definite advantages over the conventional technology. In the past years, CLIQ was successfully implemented on various coils in a single-magnet configuration. Now the design of a CLIQ-based protection system integrated in a chain of series-connected magnets is presented. The protection of a chain of superconducting magnets usually is considerably more challenging than the protection of stand-alone magnets due to the increased energy stored in the circuit and the presence of transitory effects. The effectiveness of this new method is demonstrated by means of electro-thermal simulations modeling the transition to the normal state and the temperature evolution in one quenched magnet, and the electrodynamics of the entire magnet chain.

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“…The energy stored in the magnet circuit can be discharged into an external energy-extraction system [20]- [22]. The main …”

Section: B Energy-extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A protection scheme frequently adopted comprises active-heating units and a by-pass element protecting each coil [20], [31]. This solution, shown in Fig.…”

Section: Quench Heatersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

CLIQ-Based Quench Protection of a Chain of High-Field Superconducting Magnets

Ravaioli

Datskov

Kirby

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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“…Incident in sector 3-4 6.1. Protection Scheme Before discussing the incident it is necessary to recall the protection scheme [47]. A simplified version is shown in Figure 16; the 154 dipoles in a sector are all powered in series, with one power supply and a dumping resistor in parallel to all circuits, split into two resistors to lower the voltage-to-ground.…”

Section: Installation and Commissioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconductivity: its role, its success and its setbacks in the Large Hadron Collider of CERN

Rossi

2010

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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The Large Hadron Collider -LHC, the particle accelerator at CERN, Geneva, is the largest and probably the most complex scientific instrument ever built. Superconductivity plays a key role because the accelerator is based on the reliable operation of almost 10,000 superconducting magnets cooled by 130 tonnes of helium at 1.9 and 4.2 K and containing a total stored magnetic energy of about 15,000 MJ (including detector magnets). The characteristics of the 1200 tonnes of high quality Nb-Ti cables have met the severe requests in terms of critical currents, magnetization and inter-strand resistance; the magnets are built with an unprecedented uniformity, about 0.01% of variation in field CERN-ATS-2010-006January 2010 Abstract

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“…In order to discuss the incident it is important to understand the scheme for magnet protection 6) . A simplified version is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Protection Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

Incident at the CERN LHC

Taylor

2010

TEION KOGAKU

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Synopsis:The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the main particle accelerator at CERN, Geneva, is the largest and one of the most complex scientific instruments ever built. The accelerator depends on the reliable operation of strings of superconducting magnets cooled using helium at 1.9 K: at maximum current the total stored energy of the magnet system is about 13 GJ. For 20 years hundreds of scientists and technicians worked painstakingly on its design and construction. Resources were tight, and because of the unique nature of the project it is not surprising that a number of serious problems were experienced during construction and commissioning -problems that were nevertheless resolved as they appeared. It is therefore easy to imagine the disappointment caused by the severe incident that occurred just nine days after the spectacular start-up of the machine on September 10, 2008. The purpose of the present report is to examine the extent, the causes and the consequences of the incident, and to address the issue as to what can be done to reduce the likelihood of such incidents occurring in big science projects.

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The protection system for the superconducting elements of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN

Cited by 23 publications

References 1 publication

CLIQ-Based Quench Protection of a Chain of High-Field Superconducting Magnets

CLIQ-Based Quench Protection of a Chain of High-Field Superconducting Magnets

Superconductivity: its role, its success and its setbacks in the Large Hadron Collider of CERN

Incident at the CERN LHC

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