The protective effect of damaging eccentric exercise against repeated bouts of exercise in the mouse tibialis anterior muscle

Muscle inflammatory cells after passive stretches, isometric contractions, and lengthening contractions

“…3,5). Changes in these markers of muscle injury are reduced after a second bout of lengthening contractions, indicating an adaptation that protects skeletal muscle from subsequent injury (3,10,21,25,26,32). Although several mechanisms have been proposed, including increased sarcomere number (13) and a greater homogeneity in sarcomere strength during contraction (4), the adaptations responsible for protection from muscle injury are not well understood (18).…”

The effect of a repeat bout of exercise on muscle injury in persons with spinal cord injury

“…In mice, lengthening exercises elicited by peroneal nerve stimulation provided protection against a second bout of damage elicited 21 days later, but not 84 days later (Sacco and Jones 1992). Following EMS-evoked lengthening contractions of the human forearm flexors performed at two time points separated by 2 weeks, all markers of muscle injury (serum creatine kinase, muscle soreness, range of motion, plasma myoglobin, and maximal isometric force) had a significantly lower response, if any, following the second bout (Nosaka et al 2002).…”

Factors involved in strain-induced injury in skeletal muscles and outcomes of prolonged exposures

“…The process requires many days but the muscles return to normal function and are often more resistant to injury (i.e. a training effect) [81,100]. Mechanisms of muscle regeneration following injury have been reviewed in detail [16].…”