The protective effect of persistent trigeminal artery in patients with ischemic stroke

Abstract

Background Almost all case reports related to persistent trigeminal artery indicated that the existence of persistent trigeminal artery may increase the risk of ischemic stroke. However our case demonstrated that the persistent trigeminal artery may also play a protective role in preventing severe ischemic stroke by functioning as collateral circulation. Case presentation We reported a patient with left internal carotid artery occlusion with persistent trigeminal artery manifesting only as a minor acute ischemia stroke exhibiting acute onset of dizziness and difficulty in walking. Brain MRI showed two small areas of restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted imaging in the left hemisphere. The digital subtraction angiography showed his left middle cerebral artery and bilateral anterior cerebral artery were supplied by the basilar artery via a persistent trigeminal artery. Furthermore, CT perfusion showed no remarkable difference between the two hemispheres. Conclusions Persistent trigeminal artery may have a protective role in the setting of an acquired occlusion of homolateral internal carotid artery. Therefore, it is important to fully assess the presence of the persistent trigeminal artery in acute ischemic stroke.

A Road Less Traveled: A Persistent Trigeminal Artery as a Divergent Thromboembolic Conduit

“…2 While most cases of PTA with concurrent cerebrovascular disease depict a heightened risk of posterior circulation stroke, 2 a role for the PTA during proximal large vessel occlusion as a protective collateral distally has been described. 3 Our case highlights an uncommon cause of posterior circulation infarction with simultaneous anterior circulation hypoperfusion. Our patient's initial presentation was in keeping with a suspected partial right MCA infarction due to gaze deviation and neglect, but imaging with noncontrast CT and MRI revealed a large isolated right PCA territory infarction.…”