The Protective Effect of Rosmarinic Acid against Unfavorable Influence of Methylparaben and Propylparaben on Collagen in Human Skin Fibroblasts

Abstract

Parabens, which are widely used in food, medicines and cosmetics, have a harmful effect on human health. People are most exposed to parabens transdermally by using cosmetic products containing these preservatives. The purpose of this study was to estimate the influence of parabens (methylparaben—MP and propylparaben—PP) on the metabolism of collagen in the human skin fibroblasts and above all, to assess whether rosmarinic acid (RA—50, 100, or 150 μM) can protect these cells from the adverse effects of parabens (0.001% MP and 0.0003% PP, 0.003% MP and 0.001% PP, and 0.01% MP and 0.003% PP). The possible mechanisms of RA action were estimated as well. Parabens decreased the expression of collagen type I and III at mRNA and protein levels, while RA (depending on the concentration) provided partial or total protection against these changes. The effective protection against the adverse effects of parabens on cell viability and proliferation was also provided by RA. The beneficial impact of RA on collagen and the fibroblasts resulted from an independent action of this compound and its interaction with parabens. This study allows us to conclude that this polyphenolic compound may protect from unfavorable health outcomes caused by lifetime human exposure to parabens contained in cosmetic products.

Biotechnologically Produced Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Extract Rich in Rosmarinic Acid Resolves Psoriasis-Related Inflammation Through Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Signaling

“…Until now, very little is known about the roles of RA in keratinocytes. It has been previously reported that RA counteracts UVA-related impairment in murine melanoma cells ( Sanchez-Campillo et al, 2009 ), inhibits IFN-γ-induced inflammation in primary human keratinocytes ( Georgiev et al, 2012 ), protects human fibroblasts from the damage caused by parabens ( Matwiejczuk et al, 2020 ) and stimulates collagen biosynthesis ( Chaiyana et al, 2019 ; Matwiejczuk et al, 2020 ). In our previous study, RA treatment resulted in downregulated MCP1 and IP-10 levels in IFN-γ-stimulated primary human keratinocytes ( Georgiev et al, 2012 ).…”

“…Interplay between activated immune cell and keratinocytes is critical determinant of the pathology of psoriasis, hence, inflammatory cytokines challenge keratinocytes to induce psoriatic phenotype (Federici et al, 2002;Nograles et al, 2008;Nestle et al, 2009;Greb et al, 2016). Stimulation with Th cellsderived cytokines such as IFN-γ activates predominantly STAT1 phosphorylation (Nograles et al, 2008;Antunes et al, 2011;Hald et al, 2013;Albanesi et al, 2018) while IL-17A induce both STAT1 and STAT3 signaling (Nograles et al, 2008;Shi et al, 2011).…”

“…Further, RA has been reported as an anti-ageing compound with applications in cosmetics ( Shen et al, 2017 ; Chaiyana et al, 2019 ). More specifically, concerning RA effect on skin, several reports propose its anti-inflammatory and photo-protective properties ( Sanchez-Campillo et al, 2009 ; Jang et al, 2011 ; Matwiejczuk et al, 2020 ). Data from our earlier studies pointed out RA as potent anti-inflammatory compound in IFN-γ-induced inflammatory skin condition ( Georgiev et al, 2012 ).…”

“…Psoriasis is a recurrent, chronic skin disease with complex immune-inflammatory ethology (Nestle et al, 2009;Sakurai et al, 2019). The worldwide prevalence of psoriasis is about 3% and the high societal burden of this condition is mainly due to the substantial impact on the patients' perception of confidence and well-being (Lowes et al, 2007;Greb et al, 2016).…”

Collagenase and Melanogenesis Inhibitory Effects of Perilla Frutescens Pomace Extract and Its Efficacy in Topical Cosmetic Formulations

“…The possible mechanism could be the effect of phenolic and flavonoid compounds such as rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid. N. Matwiejczuk et al, 2020 [28] found that rosmarinic acid could protect human skin fibroblasts from paraben-induced biosynthesis, secretion, and degradation of collagen via pERK1/1, MMP1/2, and TIMP1/2. Based on these results, PFSE, the residue from the perilla seed oil extraction, could be suggested as a promising source for anti-collagenase and anti-melanogenesis agents and as a potential ingredient in pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals intended for the maintenance of collagen structures, slowing down skin aging and melanogenesis processes, and prevention of skin hyperpigmentation disorders.…”