The protective effects of rutin on the liver, kidneys, and heart by counteracting organ toxicity caused by synthetic and natural compounds

Abstract

Rutin is a flavonoid present in many plant species. Because of its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties, rutin is of interest for its potential protective effects against toxic agents. The hepatoprotective, renoprotective, and cardioprotective effects of rutin are reviewed. The antioxidant effects of rutin are elicited by enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as GST, GGT, CAT, GPx, SOD, and GR, activating the Nrf2/HO‐1 pathway, elevating GSH content, and the reduction in MDA. The anti‐inflammatory effects of rutin are mediated by the inhibition of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TGF‐β1, COX‐2, iNOS, TLR4, and XO. Rutin exerted its antiapoptotic effects by inhibition of free radicals, caspase‐3/‐7/‐9, hsp70, HMGB1, and p53, and the elevation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2. Rutin has potential therapeutic effectiveness against several toxicants, and its beneficial effects are more than likely mediated by its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and/or antiapoptotic property.

Protective effect of tomato pomace extract encapsulated in combination with probiotics against indomethacin induced enterocolitis

“…Previously, L. acidophilus and B. bifidum administration in conjunction with aflatoxin maintained liver and kidney functions close to the normal rats 58 . Phenolic and flavonoid compounds, including ellagic acid and rutin, demonstrated protective effects against liver injury and preserved liver functions 59 , 60 .…”

Rutin attenuates ensartinib-induced hepatotoxicity by non-transcriptional regulation of TXNIP

“…Due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, rutin has beneficial biological functions in several diseases, including diabetes (Ghorbani 2017 ), neurodegenerative diseases (Enogieru et al 2018 ), and autoimmune diseases (Nikfarjam et al 2017 ). The antioxidant effect of rutin is associated with inducing the NRF2/ARE pathway and enhancing the expression of enzymes involved in redox regulation (Rahmani et al 2023 ), while rutin can directly scavenge ROS through its chemical structure (Hanasaki et al 1994 ). Hydrolyzed rutin-derived quercetin has also been reported to negatively regulate the activity of xanthine oxidase, which is involved in the production of ROS (Tang et al 2019 ); however, the potential target of rutin itself has been less investigated.…”

Rutin Protects Fibroblasts from UVA Radiation through Stimulation of Nrf2 Pathway

“…Rutin, a naturally occurring flavonoid glycoside in many plant species and/or in the waste of their production cycle (e.g., from the wine production chain), has been shown to exhibit several biological activities, such as antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, antithrombotic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective [ 23 , 28 , 29 ]. Biological actions would seem to be due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties, capable of protecting the cells from the harmful effects, especially free radicals [ 30 ].…”

“…In our study, we planned to analyze the effect of rutin, a flavonoid naturally occurring in many foods, especially buckwheat, apricots, cherries, grapefruit, plums, and oranges, and it was found in high amounts in the waste from wine production from grapes. It is often used in patients with capillary fragility, varicose veins, and hematomas, but recent papers have shown an important antioxidant effect [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Therefore, our experimental design aimed at studying the effect of rutin on fibroblast cultures exposed to UVA radiation, focusing our preliminary/exploratory study on oxidative stress and its mechanisms.…”