The protective effects of saxagliptin against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and damage in human dental pulp cells

Guo, Xinxing; Chen, Jing

doi:10.1080/21691401.2019.1596925

“… 17 After contacting with the dental pulp tissue, it participates in the intracellular signaling cascades via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signals pathway, 18 , 19 In addition, inducing the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and create inflammation. 20 , 21 Studies have shown that the medullary cavity built-in LPS method is reliable in establishing a rat model to simulate the process of clinical acute pulpitis. 15 Therefore, the early stage of the acute pulpitis after 24 h of modeling was selected as the main observation time point in detecting the changes of pain-related behaviors, pulp histopathological changes, and the P2X7 receptor expression in pulp tissue with all the experimental rats in each group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Activation of the P2X7 receptor in the dental pulp tissue contributes to the pain in rats with acute pulpitis

2022

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Treatment of acute pulpitis (AP) is beneficial for pain relief and pulp regeneration. The purinergic P2X7 receptor activation is responsible for the formation and maintenance of inflammation and pain. This study aims to determine the role of the pulp tissue P2X7 receptor to activate the mechanisms of the AP in rats. The Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups, namely, normal, normal saline (NS), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) groups. Alterations in pain behavior were detected through head-withdrawal thresholds (HWTs), and the pathological changes in pulp tissue were studied through hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of the P2X7 receptor in pulp tissue was observed through immunohistochemistry and Western Blotting. The effect of the P2X7 receptor antagonist A-740003 on HWTs was also observed. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the pulp tissue of rats were analyzed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The HWTs were reduced in the rats with AP. Inflammation is formed but was found more severe in the LPS group than the NS group, and the expression levels of the P2X7 receptors in the NS and LPS groups were higher than in the normal group. The periodontal ligament injection of the A-740003 dose-dependant increases the HWTs in rats with AP. The IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the pulp in the NS and LPS groups were increased but reversed by A-740003 injection. In rats with AP, the expression level of the P2X7 receptor and IL-6/TNF-α release was upregulated. The A-740003 can relieve pain and reduce the inflammation progression in rats with AP.

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“…Treatment only with miR146a/PEG-PEI downregulates DMP-1 expression [ 109 ]. Saxagliptin (DDP4 inhibitor) reduces oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNFα [ 110 ]. Mineral trioxide aggregate is used in clinical practice as a root repair material.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Lipopolysaccharide, Derived from Various Bacterial Species, in Pulpitis—A Systematic Review

Brodzikowska

¹

,

Ciechanowska

²

,

Kopka

³

et al. 2022

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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is widely used for induction of inflammation in various human tissues, including dental pulp. The purpose of this study was to summarize current medical literature focusing on (1) cell types used by researchers to simulate dental pulp inflammation, (2) LPS variants utilized in experimental settings and how these choices affect the findings. Our study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We searched for studies reporting outcomes of lipopolysaccharide application on dental pulp cells in vitro using electronic databases: MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus. Having gathered data from 115 papers, we aimed to present all known effects LPS has on different cell types present in dental pulp. We focused on specific receptors and particles that are involved in molecular pathways. Our review provides an essential foundation for further research using in vitro models of pulpitis.

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“…LPS, a component of gram-negative bacteria cell wall, is widely used to induce inflammatory responses in the host cells [ 28 , 29 ]. In our research, the treatment of LPS increased the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF- α , IL-1 β , and IL-6) in HMEECs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of lncRNA MALAT1 Reduces LPS‐ or IL‐17A‐Induced Inflammatory Response in Human Middle Ear Epithelial Cells via the NF‐κB Signaling Pathway

Yang

¹

,

Zhang

²

,

Lü

³

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Otitis media (OM) is a common inflammatory disease of the middle ear cavity and mainly occurs in children. As a critical regulator of inflammation response, the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway has been found to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the potential mechanism under the inflammatory response of human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEECs). We established in vitro models of OM by treating HMEECs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin 17A (IL-17A). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis were used to measure the inflammatory response of HMEECs under LPS or IL-17A stimulation. The results revealed that the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines ( p < 0.001 ) and protein levels of mucin (MUC) (for MUC5AC, p = 0.002 , p = 0.004 ; for MUC8, p = 0.004 , p < 0.001 ) were significantly elevated by LPS or IL-17A stimulation in HMEECs. Moreover, we found that LPS or IL-17A treatment promoted the phosphorylation of IκBα (for p-IκBα, p = 0.018 , p = 0.002 ; for IκBα, p = 0.238 , p = 0.057 ) and the translocation of p65 from cytoplasm to nucleus in HMEECs (for nucleus p65, p = 0.01 ; for cytoplasm p65, p < 0.001 ). In addition, RT-qPCR analysis revealed that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) was verified to be upregulated in LPS- or IL-17A-stimulated HMEECs ( p < 0.001 ). Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining assay revealed that that MALAT1 knockdown significantly suppressed the activation of the NF-κB pathway by reducing phosphorylated IκBα levels and inhibiting the nuclear translocation of p65 ( p < 0.001 ) in LPS- or IL-17A-stimulated HMEECs (for p-IκBα, p < 0.001 ; for IκBα, p = 0.242 , p = 0.647 ). Silence of MALAT1 decreased the proinflammatory cytokine production and MUC protein levels ( p < 0.001 ). Furthermore, rescue assays revealed that the increase of proinflammatory cytokine production (for TNF-α, p = 0.002 , p = 0.015 ; for IL-1β, p < 0.001 , p = 0.006 ; for IL-6, p = 0.002 , p < 0.001 ) and MUC protein levels (for MUC5AC, p = 0.001 , p < 0.001 ; for MUC8, p < 0.001 , p = 0.001 ) induced by MALAT1 overexpression was neutralized by 4-N-[2-(4-phenoxyphenyl) ethyl] quinazoline-4, 6-diamine (QNZ) treatment in LPS- or IL-17A-stimulated HMEECs. In conclusion, MALAT1 promotes inflammatory response in LPS- or IL-17A- stimulated HMEECs via the NF-κB signaling pathway, which may provide a potential novel insight for the treatment of OM.

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The protective effects of saxagliptin against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and damage in human dental pulp cells

Cited by 22 publications

References 34 publications

RETRACTED: Activation of the P2X7 receptor in the dental pulp tissue contributes to the pain in rats with acute pulpitis

RETRACTED: Activation of the P2X7 receptor in the dental pulp tissue contributes to the pain in rats with acute pulpitis

Role of Lipopolysaccharide, Derived from Various Bacterial Species, in Pulpitis—A Systematic Review

Suppression of lncRNA MALAT1 Reduces LPS‐ or IL‐17A‐Induced Inflammatory Response in Human Middle Ear Epithelial Cells via the NF‐κB Signaling Pathway

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