The Protective Potential of Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss. on Paracetamol-Induced Hepatio-Renal Toxicity and Antiproteinuric Effect: A Biochemical, Hematological, and Histopathological Study

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Paracetamol overdose is a significant global issue due to its widespread use, which can lead to a lack of awareness regarding its potential side effects. Paracetamol can harm the liver, possibly resulting in liver failure. Conversely, this study employed extracts from Petroselinum crispum (PC), known for its rich content of bioactive compounds, with demonstrated antioxidant properties shown in previous research as well as protective effects against various diseases. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of Petroselinum crispum on altered hematological and biochemical parameters in the blood of rats exposed to paracetamol. Materials and Methods: The study involved twenty Wistar rats divided into four groups. Different groups of male rats were administered PC extract at 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 15 days, along with a standard reference dose of paracetamol at 200 mg/kg. The study assessed hepatoprotection capacity by analyzing liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, albumin, and lipid profiles. Renal safety was evaluated through creatinine, urea, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and total protein. Additionally, histopathological examinations of the liver and kidneys were conducted. Results: Following Paracetamol overdose, there were reductions in hemoglobin levels, serum total protein, albumin, and uric acid. Paracetamol overdose also elevated levels of several blood biomarkers, including creatinine, urea, nitrogen, ALT, AST, triglycerides, LDH activity, white blood cell count, and platelet count compared to the control group. However, using an ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum significantly mitigated the severity of these alterations and the extent of the effect correlated with the dose administered. Parsley extract helped prevent proteinuria and low hemoglobin, which are common side effects of Paracetamol. Conclusions: Therefore, parsley may hold promise in managing liver and kidney conditions—particularly in addressing proteinuria. Ultimately, these results may have implications for human health by potentially mitigating paracetamol-induced renal, hepatic, and hematological toxicity.

Comprehensive analysis of different solvent extracts of Ferula communis L. fruit reveals phenolic compounds and their biological properties via in vitro and in silico assays

“…This genuine variety is characterized by the synthesis of numerous hydroxycoumarins, including ferulenol 9 . Recent studies highlight the potential of isolated compounds from this genus as chemopreventive agents and in overcoming resistance to anticancer drugs 8 , 10 . Traditionally, plants of this genus have been used to treat various diseases 9 .…”

“…In the Middle Atlas, unexpanded inflorescences of Ferula serve as anthelmintics 9 . Polyphenols have well-defined antioxidant properties linked to the inhibition of food oxidation 10 . In addition, these antioxidants effectively block or inhibit the formation and propagation of free radicals 13 .…”

Petroselinum Crispum (Mill.) Fuss (Parsley), a Food and Medicinally Important Plant: A Review of Recent Studies Between 2013-2023

“…It has been observed that the extract significantly reduces ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH levels in the liver, which are increased by paracetamol. In addition, histopathological examinations revealed less congestion and mononuclear cell infiltration in the liver tissue [76].…”

“…It was determined that the increase in blood urea, creatinine, and triglyceride levels was inhibited by the extract. It was observed that the extract reduced urinary protein excretion compared to control groups and increased urinary creatinine and urea excretion compared to paracetamol control groups [76].…”

Petroselinum crispum L., essential oil as promising source of bioactive compounds, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities: In vitro and in silico predictions

“…f., and Petroselinum hortense Hoffm. This plant holds significance in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries due to its aromatic, culinary, and medicinal properties [ 7 ].…”