The Protective Role of Melanin Against UV Damage in Human Skin<sup>†</sup>

Brenner, Michaela; Hearing, Vincent J.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00226.x

Cited by 1,406 publications

(1,174 citation statements)

References 132 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…Thus it is highly important to identify compounds that could ameliorate liver damage and hepatic failure. As melanin has ROS-scavenging activity 1,5,36 and provides protection from UV irradiation 37 we postulated that MAKS could protect against oxidant-mediated rat liver injury by attenuating oxidative stress and inhibiting inflammatory responses. Thus a main aim of the presented study was to test this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of melanin extracted from apricot (Armeniaca sibirica) and its effect on hydrazine-induced rat hepatic injury

Li¹,

Li²,

Zhao³

2016

ScienceAsia

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ABSTRACT:Melanin is a complex, highly coloured natural antioxidant with potent biological activities and diverse applications. A potential source of melanin is the Siberian apricot (Armeniaca sibirica) whose kernel skin is currently a waste by-product. To explore its potential, melanin from apricot kernel skin was extracted. The molecular mass was determined by gel chromatography and its structure was examined by elemental analysis, UV-Vis, infrared, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C-NMR) spectroscopy. In addition, its protective effect against hydrazineinduced hepatic injury in rats was evaluated. The results showed that melanin has < 5% sulphur (S) content, indicating that it consists mostly of eumelanin. Its UV-Vis, infrared and 13 C-NMR spectra were very similar to those of synthetic melanin, although it had relatively high carboxylate, aliphatic, and phenol-skeleton content. Two distinct fractions (2.4 ± 0.12 and 0. ± 560.1 kDa) were detected. Injections of hydrazine at 65 mg/kg body-weight (b.wt.) doses resulted in significant (p < 0.01) increases in lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde contents) in liver homogenates and serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities (64%, 69%, and 98% increase relative to the controls, respectively). It also induced significant (p < 0.05 or 0.01) decreases in liver homogenate catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities and reduced glutathione content (48%, 28%, 7%, and 98% reduction, respectively). Administering melanin prior to hydrazine, at 10 mg/kg b.wt., strongly inhibited these changes and ameliorated histopathological hepatic injury. The results indicated that melanin alleviated hydrazine-induced liver injury by relieving oxidative stress, which may provide a novel protective strategy for protection against liver diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of melanin extracted from apricot (Armeniaca sibirica) and its effect on hydrazine-induced rat hepatic injury

Li¹,

Li²,

Zhao³

2016

ScienceAsia

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“…Compared to UVB, UVA is about 1000 times more . effective in the production of an immediate tanning effect which is caused by darkening of the melanin in the epidermis (Brenner and Hearing, 2008). Chronic UVA exposure can damage underlying structures in the dermis and cause premature photoaging of the skin (Ichihashi et al, 2009).…”

Section: * Corresponding Authormentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoprotection of natural flavonoids

Saewan

Jimtaisong²

2013

J App Pharm Sci

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Overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause a number of skin disorders such as erythema, edema, hyperpigmentation, immunosuppression, photoaging, and skin cancer. Since the level of UV radiation is increasing as a result of depletion of the stratospheric ozone and climate change, the protection of human skin against the harmful effects of UV radiation is an urgent need. Topical application of sunscreens is a strategy to protect the deleterious effect of UV radiation on the skin. Sunscreens today contain one or several synthetic UV filter molecules which protect the UV radiation exposed on the epidermis. These molecules are broadly divided into physical and chemical agents. Physical sunscreens reflect and scatter UVB, UVA and visible radiation. Chemical sunscreens act by absorbing ultraviolet radiation and re-emitting chemical energy as heat or light. Several synthetic UV filter molecules are available in the market but they have limited use because these active molecules may create adverse effects on human skin. Some information on possible photon induced reaction such as photoirritation, photosensitization and contact dermatitis by sunscreen products containing synthetic organic sunscreen agents. To overcome these side effects, naturally occurring compounds have gained considerable attention as photoprotective agents. Flavonoids, a group of natural occurring compounds, act as catalysts in the light phase of photosynthesis and as stress protectants in plant cells by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Natural flavonoids have the potential photoprotection because of their UV absorbing, their ability to act as direct and indirect antioxidants as well as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents which provide exciting platforms for the development of photoprotection. This review summarizes the structure and potential photoprotection activity of several natural flavonoids.

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“…These substances include melanin, the eccrisis product of yeast-like fungi strain called Nadsoniella nigra strain X-1 (Chyzhanska et al, 2007). These substances also have antioxidant (Brenner and Hearing, 2008;Keypour et al, 2008;Romanovskaia et al, 2010) immune-modulating (Chornenka N.M., 2016;Racca et al, 2005) , anti-carcinogenic (Golyshkin et al, 2015;Seniuk et al, 2009) (Chyzhanska et al, 2007;Golyshkin et al, 2015) properties, which are beneficial for use in medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine profile indicators in rat blood serum in a model of esophagus burn induced by antioxidant chemical preparation

et al. 2017

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Background: According to modern concepts of burn disease development, one of the main burn complications is inflammation occurrence. Despite the large number of drugs used to treat the effects of chemical burns of the esophagus, we find conflicting information in the literature about their effectiveness. Moreover the problem of burn wound healing process quickening, as well as the prevention measures against possible post burn complications are really relevant if we aim to subjective portability of rehabilitation period facilitation. Methods: Study the immune system cytokine levels in immature rat blood serum under the simulation of 1 and 2 degree esophageal chemical burns in case of melanin administration as a drug. Was estimated ELISA using sets of reagents and instructions from Biotrack ELISA System company «Healthcare». Results: The significant increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (PC) was shown mostly on day 7 of the experiment, which reflects the activity and severity of the disease process. In terms of further research the level of pro-inflammatory PC can be multidirectional. The significant decrease of anti-inflammatory cytokines amount was found under conditions of AEB at 15th and 21st days. At 1st and 2nd degree ABE the observed changes were multidirectional. Melanin administration resulted in the fast decrease of blood levels of all cytokines in our experiment to the values close to normal in conditions of esophagus chemical burn progress. Conclusion: Therefore, it was shown that some factors have the ability of changing the levels of pro inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the models 1st and 2nd degree ABE and AEB in immature rats. The obtained data showed, that 1st degree ABE progressed without septic complications. In the models of 2nd degree ABE and AEB, the risk of poly organic failure remains. Melanin administration resulted in the fast decrease of blood levels of all cytokines in our experiment to the values close to normal in conditions of esophagus chemical burn progress.

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The Protective Role of Melanin Against UV Damage in Human Skin^†

Cited by 1,406 publications

References 132 publications

Characterization of melanin extracted from apricot (Armeniaca sibirica) and its effect on hydrazine-induced rat hepatic injury

Characterization of melanin extracted from apricot (Armeniaca sibirica) and its effect on hydrazine-induced rat hepatic injury

Photoprotection of natural flavonoids

Cytokine profile indicators in rat blood serum in a model of esophagus burn induced by antioxidant chemical preparation

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The Protective Role of Melanin Against UV Damage in Human Skin†

Cited by 1,406 publications

References 132 publications

Characterization of melanin extracted from apricot (Armeniaca sibirica) and its effect on hydrazine-induced rat hepatic injury

Characterization of melanin extracted from apricot (Armeniaca sibirica) and its effect on hydrazine-induced rat hepatic injury

Photoprotection of natural flavonoids

Cytokine profile indicators in rat blood serum in a model of esophagus burn induced by antioxidant chemical preparation

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Product

Resources

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The Protective Role of Melanin Against UV Damage in Human Skin^†