The Proteomic Response of Arabidopsis thaliana to Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots, and Its Correlation with the Transcriptomic Response

Abstract

A fuller understanding of the interaction between plants and engineered nanomaterials is of topical relevance because the latter are beginning to find applications in agriculture and the food industry. There is a growing need to establish objective safety criteria for their use. The recognition of two independent Arabidopsis thaliana mutants displaying a greater level of tolerance than the wild type plant to exposure to cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) has offered the opportunity to characterize the tolerance response at the physiological, transcriptomic, and proteomic levels. Here, a proteomics-based comparison confirmed the conclusions drawn from an earlier transcriptomic analysis that the two mutants responded to CdS QD exposure differently both to the wild type and to each other. Just over half of the proteomic changes mirrored documented changes at the level of gene transcription, but a substantial number of transcript/gene product pairs were altered in the opposite direction. An interpretation of the discrepancies is given, along with some considerations regarding the use and significance of -omics when monitoring the potential toxicity of ENMs for health and environment.

Alternative splicing and translation play important roles in parallel with transcriptional regulation during rice hypoxic germination

“…4C). Similar to previous parallel analysis (Bai et al, 2015; Marmiroli et al, 2015), much less overlap was observed between DEP and DEG, DAS and DASP as well as DEP and DASDP (Fig. 4A-C).…”

The Understanding of the Plant Iron Deficiency Responses in Strategy I Plants and the Role of Ethylene in This Process by Omic Approaches

“…A subset of conserved Fe-responsive genes and some common metabolic pathways have been revealed by transcriptome and proteome across a range of plant species. It has been clear that the concordance between the abundance of mRNA and their related proteins is not strong correlated (Lan et al, 2012a, 2013a; Li et al, 2013; Marmiroli et al, 2015; Dong et al, 2016). The integration of transcriptome and proteome is mandatory for generating a complete inventory of the components that are crucial for Fe homeostasis.…”

“…Although high-throughput transcriptomic studies have provided a global view of gene expression changes, surveys at the transcript level often could not directly estimate the abundance and functions of the encoded proteins, the ultimate players of biological function, due to alternative RNA splicing and complex posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, glycosylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and so on (Lan et al, 2012a, 2013a; Marmiroli et al, 2015; Dong et al, 2016). These various modifications thus change protein localization, stability, interactions, and functions, leading to much more complex of proteomics than that of transcriptomics.…”

Oxidative stress-induced toxicity of CuO nanoparticles and related toxicogenomic responses in Arabidopsis thaliana

“…For nanotoxicological investigation, the microarray technology has been applied to detect changes in gene expression in human cells (Li et al, 2014), zebrafish embryos (Van Aerle et al, 2013), and bacteria (Escherichia coli) (Cui et al, 2012). For plants, microarray has been applied to detect changes in gene expression in plants exposed to and CdS quantum dots (QDs) (Marmiroli et al, 2014(Marmiroli et al, , 2015 and Ag NPs (Kaveh et al, 2013). Marmiroli et al (2014) reported that sensitivity of Arabidopsis thaliana to CdS QDs was not due to the released Cd 2þ ions according to differential responses of Arabidopsis genes.…”