The Proto-Indian Ocean and a probable paleozoic/mesozoic triradial rift system in East Africa

Stratigraphy and geodynamics of the Mombasa Basin (Kenya) in relation to the genesis of the proto-Indian Ocean

“…The latter two discordances have previously been described by Caswell (1956) and Cannon, Simiyu Siambi & Karanga (1981). New intraformational discontinuities (Figs 1,2) are established from earlier defined formations: (1) a minor discordance at the lower part of the Middle Taru Formation, (2) a very important angular unconformity at the base of the Middle Mazeras Formation, (3) an angular discordance in the lower part of the Kambe Formation which is related to an erosional surface, and (4) another angular discordance at the base of the Mtomkuu Formation.…”

“…Caswell (1953Caswell ( , 1956 was the first to establish the lithostratigraphic subdivisions of the basin. In a relatively recent detailed geological mapping by the Mines and Geology Department of Kenya, Cannon (unpublished report of the Geological Survey of Kenya 1978) and Cannon, Simiyu Siambi & Karanga (1981) have modified the stratigraphic scale and the terminologies employed in Kenya ( Fig. 1) in conformity with the norms proposed by Schenk & Muller (1941).…”

Sedimentary basins of Yemen: their tectonic development and lithostratigraphic cover

“…These lineaments have influenced the orientation of inter-basin rifting or tectonic swells/highs as differing stress fields were built up in Yemen during various stages of Gondwana break up, commencing with the African Karoo rift in the Early Jurassic (Cannon et al 1981;Bosellini 1989) that affected the horn of Africa including Socotra (Suqatra) , and continuing through rejuvenation of the ancient NW-SE Najd faults in Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous times, and finally separation of Arabia from Africa in the Neogene along the ENE-WSW Gulf of Aden and NNW-SSE Red Sea trends.…”

Sedimentation of the Triassic–Jurassic Adigrat Sandstone Formation, Blue Nile (Abay) Basin, Ethiopia

“…The Karroo rifts followed pre-existing lines or weakness in the basement and opened under oblique shear (Morley et al, 1999). The first "Karroo" phase (Permo-Carboniferous), accompanying initial break-up of Gondwanaland, led to the formation of N-S, NW-SE and NE-SW oriented rift basins including the Ogaden and Blue Nile Basins (Raaben et al, 1979;Cannon et al, 1981;Worku and Astin, 1992;Salman and Abdula, 1995;Wolela, 1997;Hunegnaw et al, 1998;Shimelis, 1998). At this time the Karroo sediments were deposited in the Karroo rift.…”