THE PROXIMATE ANALYSIS AND SPECTRAL PROFILE OF CHITIN EXTRACTED FROM THE SHELL OF Portunus pelagicus ORIGINATED FROM CIREBON, INDONESIA

AMELIA, RENNY; Indawati, Iin; Saptarini, Nyi Mekar; Levita, Jutti; Sumiwi, Sri Adi

doi:10.31788/rjc.2021.1436354

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Based on its source, chitin in nature presents in two structures, α-chitin, which is the most abundant, and β-chitin [ 19 ]. Numerous studies reported the source of chitin extraction, e.g., from the exoskeletons of prawns [ 20 ], shrimps [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], and crabs [ 8 , 12 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extraction of chitin was carried out following a previous study employing a microwave-assisted extraction method [ 8 ]. The blue swimming crab shell powder was dissolved in a mixture of 69.8 g of choline chloride (C 5 H 14 ClNO; molecular weight of 139.62) and 67.045 g of DL-malic acid (C 4 H 6 O 5 ; molecular weight of 134.09) in 1 L of distilled water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous study reported that β-chitin had been successfully extracted from the exoskeleton of Portunus pelagicus Linn. [ 8 ]. During extraction, the shells of Crustaceans are reacted with an inorganic acid to dissolve calcium carbonate, followed by the addition of a strong base to remove protein [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chitin Extracted from the Shell of Blue Swimming Crabs (Portunus pelagicus Linn.) Inhibits NF-kappaB p65 in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcerative Wistar Rats

Amelia,

Sumiwi,

Saptarini

et al. 2023

Marine Drugs

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Peptic ulcer disease is generated by the activation of NF-kappaB activity. A recent clinical study reported a significant increase in NF-kappaB2 gene expression in 79 samples of peptic ulcer patients compared to the control group. Moreover, the deacetylated chitin could alter the translocation of NF-kappaB p65 to the nucleus. Considering this, our work aims to explore the effect of chitin extracted from the shell of blue swimming crabs (Portunus pelagicus Linn.) towards NF-kappaB p65 levels in ethanol-induced gastric ulcerative Wistar rats. The shells are found abundantly as the waste of seafood processing in the northern part of West Java, Indonesia. In this study, chitin extraction was carried out using the microwave-assisted extraction method by employing choline chloride (C5H14ClNO) and DL-malic acid (C₄H₆O₅) as the solvents. The inhibitory activity assay of chitin on the expression of NF-kappaB p65 was performed by using Western blot. The extraction yielded a good quality of chitin with a deacetylation degree of 30.8026%, molecular weight of 3.35 × 105 Da, and a negligible heavy metals level. Moreover, chitin extract at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg BW significantly reduced the percentage of gastric ulcer index compared to the negative control group. Meanwhile, chitin extract at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg BW significantly inhibited NF-kappaB expression compared to the negative control group. Histopathological examination demonstrated a decrease in the number of necrotic cells and fat degeneration in the gastric mucosa and an increase in normal cells. Taken together, chitin extract obtained from the shells of blue swimming crabs may be able to prevent gastric ulcers induced by ethanol via the inhibition of NF-kappaB p65; however, further studies are needed to verify its anti-ulcerative properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chitin Extracted from the Shell of Blue Swimming Crabs (Portunus pelagicus Linn.) Inhibits NF-kappaB p65 in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcerative Wistar Rats

Amelia,

Sumiwi,

Saptarini

et al. 2023

Marine Drugs

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“…NADES were separated by centrifugation and the precipitate was taken and then washed with distilled water [11]. βchitin was obtained by re-extracted using the same procedure [6].…”

Section: β-Chitin Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blue swimming crab, as one of the chitinproducing crustacean groups, generally produces polymorphic α-forms [5]. By extracting twice using NADES solvent, crabs can produce chitin in the form [6]. Compared to the α-form, β-chitin can swell better in water, alcohol and alcohol amines [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Toxicity of Β-Kitin Extracted From the Shell of Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus Pelagicus Linn.)

et al. 2021

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Objective: This work aimed to study the acute toxicity of β-chitin extracted from crab shells in Bal b/c mice. Method: The acute toxicity test was performed by following the OECD guidelines. Female mice were given single or divided doses of β-chitin (maximum 24 h) with doses of 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 6000 mg/kg of BW. Observations were made for 14 d, including behaviour, body weight, organ weight, and histopathology of vital organs (stomach, heart, liver, kidney, and lung). Results: During 14 d, no deaths and no abnormalities in behaviour, bodyweight or organ weight were observed. Qualitative histopathological observations at the highest dose showed abnormalities of the liver and kidney compared to those of the control group. Nevertheless, the abnormalities did not affect the organ function. Conclusion: This acute toxicity study reveals that β-chitin up to a dose of 6000 mg/kg of BW is not toxic, as proved by the normal behaviour, body weight, and vital organ weight of the animals. Further chronic toxicities study is needed to confirm its safety.

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Crab (<i>Brachyura</i>) shell acid and alkali treatments: Influence on thermal and structural properties of isolated acetamide-rich natural polymer

Gbenebor,

Odili,

Lawal

et al. 2023

Nig. J. Technol. Dev.

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Exoskeleton of crab comprises a dominating mineral (calcium carbonate, CaCO3), protein and a natural polymer (chitin). Chemical treatments have been employed at different instances to isolate pure chitin from different sources. It is thus necessary to investigate how this treatment will influence the features of chitin isolated from the same source (crab). In this study, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) were separately used to demineralize crab shell particles and this was followed by deproteinization with 0.4 and 1.2 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 100 °C. Results showed that chitin properties were influenced by concentrations of reagents. Fibrils of different forms and surface appearance were observed via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The highest crystallinity index of 71% was possessed by chitin extracted using 0.4 M HCl and NaOH while 65.5% remained the least displayed by chitin extracted with 1.2 M HCl and NaOH. This trend was similar for chitin’s thermal stability where Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results informed that using the highest concentrations of 1.2 M HCl and NaOH provided chitin with 80.12 kJ/mol activation energy. On the other hand, 112.54 kJ/mol was calculated for chitin isolated with the minimum demineralization and deproteinization reagents used in this study.

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THE PROXIMATE ANALYSIS AND SPECTRAL PROFILE OF CHITIN EXTRACTED FROM THE SHELL OF Portunus pelagicus ORIGINATED FROM CIREBON, INDONESIA

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Chitin Extracted from the Shell of Blue Swimming Crabs (Portunus pelagicus Linn.) Inhibits NF-kappaB p65 in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcerative Wistar Rats

Chitin Extracted from the Shell of Blue Swimming Crabs (Portunus pelagicus Linn.) Inhibits NF-kappaB p65 in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcerative Wistar Rats

Acute Toxicity of Β-Kitin Extracted From the Shell of Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus Pelagicus Linn.)

Crab (<i>Brachyura</i>) shell acid and alkali treatments: Influence on thermal and structural properties of isolated acetamide-rich natural polymer

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