The psychoactive cathinone derivative pyrovalerone alters locomotor activity and decreases dopamine receptor expression in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>)

Souders, Christopher L.; Davis, Robert H.; Qing, Hua; Liang, Xuefang; Febo, Marcelo; Martyniuk, Christopher J.

doi:10.1002/brb3.1420

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…In conclusion, it was confirmed that the effect on locomotory activity is common across different types of synthetic cathinones [ 23 , 30 , 33 , 36 , 41 , 42 , 57 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Pyrovalerone was directly administrated to zebrafish larvae using a special 96-well plate precoated with pyrovalerone. This study reported changes in locomotor activities, showing hyperactivity and higher movement after pyrovalerone administration [ 57 ]. This result was observed also in adult zebrafish after α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone exposure [ 58 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic Cathinones and Neurotoxicity Risks: A Systematic Review

Daziani

Faro

Montana

et al. 2023

IJMS

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According to the EU Early Warning System (EWS), synthetic cathinones (SCs) are the second largest new psychoactive substances (NPS) class, with 162 synthetic cathinones monitored by the EU EWS. They have a similar structure to cathinone, principally found in Catha Edulis; they have a phenethylamine related structure but also exhibit amphetamine-like stimulant effects. Illegal laboratories regularly develop new substances and place them on the market. For this reason, during the last decade this class of substances has presented a great challenge for public health and forensic toxicologists. Acting on different systems and with various mechanisms of action, the spectrum of side effects caused by the intake of these drugs of abuse is very broad. To date, most studies have focused on the substances’ cardiac effects, and very few on their associated neurotoxicity. Specifically, synthetic cathinones appear to be involved in different neurological events, including increased alertness, mild agitation, severe psychosis, hyperthermia and death. A systematic literature search in PubMed and Scopus databases according to PRISMA guidelines was performed. A total of 515 studies published from 2005 to 2022 (350 articles from PubMed and 165 from Scopus) were initially screened for eligibility. The papers excluded, according to the criteria described in the Method Section (n = 401) and after full text analyses (n = 82), were 483 in total. The remaining 76 were included in the present review, as they met fully the inclusion criteria. The present work provides a comprehensive review on neurotoxic mechanisms of synthetic cathinones highlighting intoxication cases and fatalities in humans, as well as the toxic effects on animals (in particular rats, mice and zebrafish larvae). The reviewed studies showed brain-related adverse effects, including encephalopathy, coma and convulsions, and sympathomimetic and hallucinogenic toxidromes, together with the risk of developing excited/agitated delirium syndrome and serotonin syndrome.

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“…In conclusion, it was confirmed that the effect on locomotory activity is common across different types of synthetic cathinones [ 23 , 30 , 33 , 36 , 41 , 42 , 57 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Cathinones and Neurotoxicity Risks: A Systematic Review

Daziani

Faro

Montana

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Similar to our results, no morphometric changes in embryonic development and cumulative mortality were observed in zebrafish exposed to venlafaxine, a chiral antidepressant, at s concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 3000 μg/L (Ribeiro et al 2022 ). Also, the exposure to pyrovalerone, a synthetic cathinone, did not cause mortality in embryos and larvae zebrafish (Souders et al 2019 ). In contrast, Kalichak et al ( 2016 ) showed that the exposure of zebrafish to fluoxetine, a classical serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant, decreased the heart rate and length of larvae at the highest concentration (99 mg/L).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of acute metaphedrone exposure on the development, behaviour, and DNA integrity of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Ribeiro

Félix

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The presence of new psychoactive substances (NPS), like metaphedrone (3-MMC), in aquatic environments raises concern about the potential negative effects on ichthyofauna. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of 3-MMC on zebrafish embryonic development, behaviour, and DNA integrity. For that, embryos were exposed during 96 h post-fertilization to 3-MMC (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 µg/L). Overall, an increase in the eye area of zebrafish larvae was observed for the concentrations of 1 μg/L (increase of 24%) and 100 μg/L (increase of 25%) in comparison with the control group. Genetic damage was noted at the highest concentration (100 µg/L) with an increase of DNA damage (increase of 48%) and hyperactivity and disorganised swimming pattern characterised by an increase in speed (increase of 49%), total distance moved (increase of 53%), and absolute turn angle (increase of 48%) of zebrafish larvae. These findings pointed that, at environmental low levels, 3-MMC harmful effects are not expected to occur during critical development life stages of fish. Graphical Abstract

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“…Toxicity effects of NPS, including some SC, have also been reported on aquatic organisms. For instance, exposure to pyrovalerone (MPP; ranging from 113.00 to 11,310.00 µg L −1 ) caused changes in the swimming behavior of zebrafish larvae ( Danio rerio ) [ 17 ] and changes in oxidative status and reproductive parameters were observed in microcrustacean Daphnia magna exposed to methamphetamine at 0.05 and 0.50 µg L −1 [ 18 ], and growth inhibition was observed and in protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila exposed to ( S )-ketamine (>5000.00 µg L −1 ) [ 19 ]. Understanding the impact of NPS on ecosystems is crucial to provide essential data for establishing environmental safety levels, environmental policies, and mitigation actions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Approach for Synthetic Cathinone Drug Prioritization and Risk Assessment: In Silico Approach and Sub-Chronic Studies in Daphnia magna and Tetrahymena thermophila

et al. 2023

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Synthetic cathinones (SC) are drugs of abuse that have been reported in wastewaters and rivers raising concern about potential hazards to non-target organisms. In this work, 44 SC were selected for in silico studies, and a group of five emerging SC was prioritized for further in vivo ecotoxicity studies: buphedrone (BPD), 3,4-dimethylmethcathinone (3,4-DMMC), butylone (BTL), 3-methylmethcathinone (3-MMC), and 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). In vivo short-term exposures were performed with the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila (28 h growth inhibition assay) and the microcrustacean Daphnia magna by checking different indicators of toxicity across life stage (8 days sublethal assay at 10.00 µg L−1). The in silico approaches predicted a higher toxic potential of MDPV and lower toxicity of BTL to the model organisms (green algae, protozoan, daphnia, and fish), regarding the selected SC for the in vivo experiments. The in vivo assays showed protozoan growth inhibition with MDPV > BPD > 3,4-DMMC, whereas no effects were observed for BTL and stimulation of growth was observed for 3-MMC. For daphnia, the responses were dependent on the substance and life stage. Briefly, all five SC interfered with the morphophysiological parameters of juveniles and/or adults. Changes in swimming behavior were observed for BPD and 3,4-DMMC, and reproductive parameters were affected by MDPV. Oxidative stress and changes in enzymatic activities were noted except for 3-MMC. Overall, the in silico data agreed with the in vivo protozoan experiments except for 3-MMC, whereas daphnia in vivo experiments showed that at sublethal concentrations, all selected SC interfered with different endpoints. This study shows the importance to assess SC ecotoxicity as it can distress aquatic species and interfere with food web ecology and ecosystem balance.

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The psychoactive cathinone derivative pyrovalerone alters locomotor activity and decreases dopamine receptor expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Synthetic Cathinones and Neurotoxicity Risks: A Systematic Review

Synthetic Cathinones and Neurotoxicity Risks: A Systematic Review

Effects of acute metaphedrone exposure on the development, behaviour, and DNA integrity of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Integrated Approach for Synthetic Cathinone Drug Prioritization and Risk Assessment: In Silico Approach and Sub-Chronic Studies in Daphnia magna and Tetrahymena thermophila

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