The psychobiology of meals

Woods, Stephen C.; Strubbe, J.H.

doi:10.3758/bf03200770

Cited by 102 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…These results are also consistent with the premeal patterns in both liver and skin temperature reported by Woods and Strubbe (138). They have observed a rise in liver and skin temperature from the intermeal minimum temperature preceding spontaneous meal initiation in rats.…”

Section: Transient Declines In Blood Glucose As a Signal For Meal Inisupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In addition to causing a peak in plasma insulin, descending parasympathetic, and possibly sympathetic, descending neural inputs to the intestine and liver can entrain the many biochemical processes that are meal related (digestive enzymes, transporters, key enzymes in pathways of carbohydrate, amino acid and lipid metabolic pathways) (66,102,108,140). Since numerous studies have demonstrated an important role for experimental conditioning in the regulation of gastrointestinal responses and ingestive behavior, the antecedents for the tight coupling between transient declines in blood glucose and meal initiation may not be discernible in every meal but, instead, may be the result of a complex set of conditioned biochemical and physiological processes (130,132,134,138). Therefore, even though transient declines in blood glucose occur in vagotomized rats without insulin peaks, this does not mean that the premeal insulin peak and other vagal-mediated biochemical events that occur in the normal sequence, or pattern of meal initiation in intact rats are not mediators of the transient decline in blood glucose.…”

Section: Investigator-determined Time Schedulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus hypothermia and decreased thermogenesis and its associated metabolic effects led to feeding, while postprandial hyperthermia resulted in cessation of feeding and a period of satiety. In addition to the very large literature on the role of thermogenesis in energy balance, this concept has been studied and reviewed by Woods and Strubbe (138) and Himms-Hagen (60).…”

Section: Blood Levels Of Metabolic Substrates and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood Glucose Dynamics and Control of Meal Initiation: A Pattern Detection and Recognition Theory

Campfield

Smith

2003

Physiological Reviews

130

102

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A new framework for understanding the control of feeding behavior, with special emphasis on the evolution of hunger, the initiation of feeding, and its dependence on patterns of blood glucose, is the subject of this review. A perspective on the current status and future directions of this search for a more complete understanding of the regulation of feeding behavior in laboratory rats and humans is presented including theoretical and experimental components. First, a historical perspective on the role of blood glucose in the control of feeding is presented. Next, the theoretical approaches that have been applied to the control of feeding and had a strong influence on experimental feeding research are summarized. This is followed by a statement and overview of a current theory that has emerged from studies of the role of transient declines in blood glucose in the control of meal initiation. The current working hypothesis that transient declines in blood glucose are endogenous metabolic patterns that are detected and recognized by the central nervous system and are mapped into meal initiation in rats and are correlated with meal requests in humans are then presented. Then, the experimental studies on meal initiation and its dependence on patterns of blood glucose, first in rats and then in humans, are reviewed in detail. Finally, the future directions of the work, limitations, and the implications for the understanding of the control of feeding behavior and the regulation of energy balance are discussed.

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Section: Transient Declines In Blood Glucose As a Signal For Meal Inisupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Investigator-determined Time Schedulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Blood Levels Of Metabolic Substrates and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Blood Glucose Dynamics and Control of Meal Initiation: A Pattern Detection and Recognition Theory

Campfield

Smith

2003

Physiological Reviews

130

102

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“…Adaptation to such a schedule requires 5-7 days before a rat ingests sufficient food on a restricted schedule to maintain a stable body weight. This suggests a necessity to develop metabolic efficiency over several days (Woods and Strubbe, 1994) combined with anchoring anticipation of feeding to time of day (White and Timberlake, 1999). For smaller rodents, deprivation schedules consist of taking the food away 4-6 h before the experimental session occurs.…”

Section: Re6erse Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating niche-related and general process approaches in the study of learning

Timberlake

2001

Behavioural Processes

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For nearly a century the experimental analysis of learning in animals has been divided into niche-related and general-process approaches, each emphasizing different procedures and conceptual strategies. After considering several current forms of rapprochement, I outline evidence for the integrative hypothesis that niche-related learning provides the basis for results in traditional general-process learning paradigms. Although the full ramifications of this view are not developed here, its advantages include: a clearer relation between laboratory and field results; conceptual and pragmatic guidance in developing new paradigms, and applying old ones to different species and circumstances; clarification of the laws, limits, and anomalies in general-process paradigms; and a more efficient path for inter-relating the study of learning with neurophysiology, genetics, and evolution.

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“…Nevertheless, the body needs to prepare and react appropriately to this sudden influx of nutrients, if their absorption and use are to be optimal, and minimally disruptive. As our eating habits become established, the brain and body become tuned for rapid and appropriate preparation, based on anticipation of meal composition and after-effects, through early detection of sensory and nutritional properties (Woods & Strubbe, 1994;Teff, 1996). It is within this context that acute nutritional influences on cognitive function and arousal need to be considered.…”

Section: Nutritional Variation V Malnutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional influences on cognitive function: mechanisms of susceptibility

Gibson

Green

2002

NRR

121

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The impact of nutritional variation, within populations not overtly malnourished, on cognitive function and arousal is considered. The emphasis is on susceptibility to acute effects of meals and glucose loads, and chronic effects of dieting, on mental performance, and effects of cholesterol and vitamin levels on cognitive impairment. New developments in understanding dietary influences on neurohormonal systems, and their implications for cognition and affect, allow reinterpretation of both earlier and recent findings. Evidence for a detrimental effect of omitting a meal on cognitive performance remains equivocal: from the outset, idiosyncrasy has prevailed. Yet, for young and nutritionally vulnerable children, breakfast is more likely to benefit than hinder performance. For nutrient composition, despite inconsistencies, some cautious predictions can be made. Acutely, carbohydrate-rich-protein-poor meals can be sedating and anxiolytic; by comparison, protein-rich meals may be arousing, improving reaction time but also increasing unfocused vigilance. Fat-rich meals can lead to a decline in alertness, especially where they differ from habitual fat intake. These acute effects may vary with time of day and nutritional status. Chronically, protein-rich diets have been associated with decreased positive and increased negative affect relative to carbohydrate-rich diets. Probable mechanisms include diet-induced changes in monoamine, especially serotoninergic neurotransmitter activity, and functioning of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis. Effects are interpreted in the context of individual traits and susceptibility to challenging, even stressful, tests of performance. Preoccupation with dieting may impair cognition by interfering with working memory capacity, independently of nutritional status. The change in cognitive performance after administration of glucose, and other foods, may depend on the level of sympathetic activation, glucocorticoid secretion, and pancreatic ␤-cell function, rather than simple fuelling

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The psychobiology of meals

Cited by 102 publications

References 105 publications

Blood Glucose Dynamics and Control of Meal Initiation: A Pattern Detection and Recognition Theory

Blood Glucose Dynamics and Control of Meal Initiation: A Pattern Detection and Recognition Theory

Integrating niche-related and general process approaches in the study of learning

Nutritional influences on cognitive function: mechanisms of susceptibility

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