The Psychology of Law

Monahan, John; Loftus, Elizabeth F.

doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.33.020182.002301

Cited by 78 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…'' In 1982, Monahan and Loftus concluded that research assessing the effect of a defendant's physical attractiveness on jurors' decision-making was among the most consistent effects noted in the literature at the time. And as early as 1974, Efran showed that, in the criminal context, physically attractive defendants were evaluated with less guilt certainty and less severe punishment.…”

Section: The Attraction Leniency Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

When emotionality trumps reason: A study of individual processing style and juror bias

Gunnell

Ceci

2010

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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''Cognitive Experiential Self Theory'' (CEST) postulates that information-processing proceeds through two pathways, a rational one and an experiential one. The former is characterized by an emphasis on analysis, fact, and logical argument, whereas the latter is characterized by emotional and personal experience. We examined whether individuals influenced by the experiential system (E-processors) are more susceptible to extralegal biases (e.g. defendant attractiveness) than those influenced by the rational system (R-processors). Participants reviewed a criminal trial transcript and defendant profile and determined verdict, sentencing, and extralegal susceptibility. Although Eprocessors and R-processors convicted attractive defendants at similar rates, Eprocessors were more likely to convict less attractive defendants. Whereas R-processors did not sentence attractive and less attractive defendants differently, E-processors gave more lenient sentences to attractive defendants and harsher sentences to less attractive defendants. E-processors were also more likely to report that extralegal factors would change their verdicts. Further, the degree to which emotionality trumped rationality within an individual, as measured by a novel scoring method, linearly correlated with harsher sentences and extralegal influence. In sum, the results support an ''unattractive harshness'' effect during guilt determination, an attraction leniency effect during sentencing and increased susceptibility to extralegal factors within E-processors.

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Section: The Attraction Leniency Biasmentioning

confidence: 99%

When emotionality trumps reason: A study of individual processing style and juror bias

Gunnell

Ceci

2010

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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“…It provides students with extended exposure to law, to psychology, and to the ways in which the law and social sciences converge and the ways in which they do not (an extended discussion of this is beyond the scope of this article; see generally Horowitz & Willging, 1984;Loh, 1984;Monahan & Loftus, 1982;Monahan & Walker, 1990). The next section will examine some of the characteristics of joint training programs.…”

Section: Psycholegal Expertisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Topics examined in these works include: a variety of issues in constitutional law, corporations, criminal law, discrimination, family law, juvenile law, mental health policy, and tort law. Clearly, the field has come a long way since Saks (1986) lamented the focus on jury studies and eyewitness issues, and the field is starting to live up to the hopes and aspirations of those who initially molded it (e.g., Tapp, 1976Tapp, , 1977; see also Monahan & Loftus, 1982;Sales, 1977aSales, , 1977bSales, , 1977cTapp & Levine, 1977).…”

Section: Research Topics In Law and Psychologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Training and career options in psychology and law

Tomkins

Ogloff

1990

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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“…En fait, leur champ d'activité ne cesse de s'élargir et à chaque année de nouveaux litiges juridiques nécessitent le recours à leurs services (Haney, 1980). C'est ainsi que depuis quelques années, plusieurs auteurs ont cherché à mieux définir ce nouveau champ .de pratique qu'est la psychologie juridique, donnant naissance à un grand nombre d'articles, de livres et de conférences sur le sujet (voir Monahan & Loftus, 1982). Mais malgré une importante quantité de textes faisant état de ce qui est dit ou de ce qui devrait être dit par le psychologue expert lors de sa comparution en Cour (contenu), presque rien à ce jour n'a été fait pour le guider dans sa facon de le dire (forme) (Huard, 1987).…”

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Expertise psycho-juridique: Une évaluation de deux types de rapports et de leur influence sur la perception de jurés potentiels.

Gélinas¹,

Alain²

1993

Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des

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ResumeL'objectif de cette recherche est de determiner, sur la perception de jures potentiels, 1'influence des deux principaux types de rapports d'experts utilises actueUement par les psychologues oeuvrant dans le domaine de la psychologie juridique, soit les rapports de type cliniquc et de type statistique. Le premier trouve ses fondements dans les diverses theories de la personnalite 1 en psychologic et se presente le plus souvent sous forme d'interprt?tations ou d'observations cliniques obtenues a partir de revaluation (psychome'trique) d'une personne directement impliquee dans le proces en cours. Le rapport de type statistique vise, de son cote, a faire etat devant la Cour de diverses recherches et enquetes effectuees par les chercheurs en psychologie sociale, experimentale ou cognitive, portant sur une question specifique soulevee lors du proces. Ces derni£res informations sont le plus souvent presentees sous forme de sratistiques ou de calculs de probability. Les sujets de la presente recherche {n = 188) ont particip£ a une simulation de proces ou ils ont recu, en plus des informations relatives a la cause en question, un rapport d'expert de type clinique ou de type statistique. Un autre groupe (controle) ne recevait aucun rapport d'expert. Les sujets devaient par la suite repondre a une serie de questions concemant leur perception du proces, du rapport d'expert, du psychologue venu le presenter, et finalement emettre un verdict. Les r&ultats obtenus ont permis d'evaluer les influences particulieres de chacun des rapports clinique et statistique sur la perception des jures potentiels. Ainsi, on a pu constater que mane si le rapport clinique a £te juge plus utile et pertinent par les jures, le verdict rendu par le groupe ayant recu le rapport statistique est tres different de celui rendu par les deux autres groupes.

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The Psychology of Law

Cited by 78 publications

References 94 publications

When emotionality trumps reason: A study of individual processing style and juror bias

When emotionality trumps reason: A study of individual processing style and juror bias

Training and career options in psychology and law

Expertise psycho-juridique: Une évaluation de deux types de rapports et de leur influence sur la perception de jurés potentiels.

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