The psychometric evaluation of the sense of belonging instrument (SOBI) with Iranian older adults

Allen, Kelly‐Ann; Arslan, Gökmen; Craig, Heather; Arefi, Sedigheh; Yaghoobzadeh, Ameneh; Nia, Hamid Sharif

doi:10.1186/s12877-021-02115-y

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The need to belong has been generally defined as a pervasive desire to form and maintain interpersonal connections [62,63]. The fulfillment of the need to belong is associated with a broad range of positive emotions and overall well-being [64,65]. Failure to maintain social relationships results in unfulfilled belonging needs and consequently a wide array of adverse psychological, physical, and pathological outcomes [66,67].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear of Missing Out (FOMO): The Effects of the Need to Belong, Perceived Centrality, and Fear of Social Exclusion

Alabri¹

2022

Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies

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“Fear of Missing Out” (FOMO) is an all-consuming feeling that is associated with mental and emotional stress. Such strains are caused by a compulsive concern that one is missing an opportunity for a socially rewarding experience often spotted on social media networks. While several personality and psychological factors have been empirically validated as correlated with FOMO, so far, little research has examined the effects of perceived group centrality (i.e., the extent to which group members feel included in the group) and fear of social exclusion on FOMO. Therefore, this study is aimed at examining the mechanism that links these socially driven factors and the need to belong with social media use and, consequently, FOMO, using structural equation modeling. A total of 490 college students ( mean age = 20.56 , SD = 1.44 ) completed a self-reported questionnaire that included measures of FOMO, the need to belong, social media use, perceived centrality, and fear of social exclusion. The need to belong emerged as the best predictor of FOMO, increasing it both directly and indirectly through the significant mediation of social media use. Females reported a greater need to belong and consequently more FOMO. Females also reported greater use of social media and greater perceived group centrality. Perceived centrality increased FOMO through social media use, but this indirect effect was not significant.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear of Missing Out (FOMO): The Effects of the Need to Belong, Perceived Centrality, and Fear of Social Exclusion

Alabri¹

2022

Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies

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“…Older adults were identified as at higher risk as they are more likely to have pre-existing conditions including heart disease, diabetes, and severe respiratory conditions [ 5 ]. Additionally, recent research highlights that COVID-19 and its safety measures led to increased mental health problems, including increased feelings of depression, anxiety, social isolation, and loneliness, potentially cognitive decline [ 6 – 22 ]. Other studies reported the consequences of only age-based protective health measures including self-isolation for people older people (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Older adults’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative systematic literature review

Derrer-Merk,

Reyes-Rodriguez,

Soulsby

et al. 2023

BMC Geriatr

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Objectives Relatively little is known about the lived experiences of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. We systematically review the international literature to understand the lived experiences of older adult’s experiences during the pandemic. Design and methodology This study uses a meta-ethnographical approach to investigate the included studies. The analyses were undertaken with constructivist grounded theory. Results Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria and only five papers were of low quality. Most, but not all studies, were from the global north. We identified three themes: desired and challenged wellbeing; coping and adaptation; and discrimination and intersectionality. Overall, the studies’ findings were varied and reflected different times during the pandemic. Studies reported the impact of mass media messaging and its mostly negative impact on older adults. Many studies highlighted the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on participants' social connectivity and well-being including missing the proximity of loved ones and in consequence experienced an increase in anxiety, feeling of depression, or loneliness. However, many studies reported how participants adapted to the change of lifestyle including new ways of communication, and social distancing. Some studies focused on discrimination and the experiences of sexual and gender minority and ethnic minority participants. Studies found that the pandemic impacted the participants’ well-being including suicidal risk behaviour, friendship loss, and increased mental health issues. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted and impacted older adults’ well-being worldwide. Despite the cultural and socio-economic differences many commonalities were found. Studies described the impact of mass media reporting, social connectivity, impact of confinement on well-being, coping, and on discrimination. The authors suggest that these findings need to be acknowledged for future pandemic strategies. Additionally, policy-making processes need to include older adults to address their needs. PROSPERO record [CRD42022331714], (Derrer-Merk et al., Older adults’ lived experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review, 2022).

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“…Several authors have stressed that this combination, leading to a greater physical vulnerability, created a psychosocial threat from SARS-CoV-2 [5][6][7]. For some people, the COVID-19 health and safety measures led to increased mental health problems, such as increased anxiety, feelings of depression, social isolation, and loneliness [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Belongingness challenged: Exploring the impact on older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic

Derrer‐Merk

Ferson²,

Mannis³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Objectives The sense of belonging is a fundamental human need. Enacting it through face-to-face social activities was no longer possible during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we investigate how the sense of belonging, and how it is enacted, changed longitudinally amongst older adults in the UK. In addition, we examine the interplay of the sense of belonging and resilience over time. Methods We employed a longitudinal qualitative research design to explore the experiences of older adults during one year of the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020-April 2021). The analysis was undertaken with constructivist grounded theory. Findings Before the pandemic older adults were free to engage in social relationships with family and friends, often enacted within social activity groups where they felt valued and gained positive experiences. During the pandemic face to face enactment of belongingness was reduced; adjustments needed to be made to maintain the sense of belonging. The experience of older adults was heterogeneous. We examine three themes. First, how belongingness was enacted prior to the pandemic. Examples include: family holidays, visiting each other, sports activities, eating with friends and family, and visiting cultural events. Second, how participants adapted and maintained their social involvement. Examples include: distanced face-to-face activities; and learning new technology. Third, for some, a belongingness gap emerged and persisted. There was an irretrievable loss of family members or friends, the closure of social groups, or withdrawal from groups as priorities changed. As a consequence, of challenged belongingness, participants expressed increased loneliness, anxiety, social isolation, frustration and, feelings of depression. For many, the disrupted sense of belonging no longer fostered resilience, and some previously resilient participants were no longer resilient.

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The psychometric evaluation of the sense of belonging instrument (SOBI) with Iranian older adults

Cited by 12 publications

References 54 publications

Fear of Missing Out (FOMO): The Effects of the Need to Belong, Perceived Centrality, and Fear of Social Exclusion

Fear of Missing Out (FOMO): The Effects of the Need to Belong, Perceived Centrality, and Fear of Social Exclusion

Older adults’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative systematic literature review

Belongingness challenged: Exploring the impact on older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic

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