The Psychophysiology of Anxiety

Breggin, Peter R.

doi:10.1097/00005053-196412000-00009

Cited by 83 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Eleven out of 12 weighted mean correlation effect sizes were significant for anger responses. As hypothesized by Funkenstein (Funkenstein, 1955(Funkenstein, , 1956Funkenstein et al, 1954; see also Breggin, 1964;Wagner, 1989) the anger response pattern resembled a mixture of adrenaline and noradrenaline effects, 1 probably with a profound involvement of vagal withdrawal. Ten out of 12 weighted mean correlation effect sizes were significant for fear responses indicating an adrenaline-like pattern during fear, probably again with a strong cholinergic component of vagal withdrawal.…”

Section: Emotion and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 61%

Anger and fear: Separable effects of emotion and motivational direction on somatovisceral responses

Stemmler

Aue

Wacker

2007

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Section: Emotion and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 61%

Anger and fear: Separable effects of emotion and motivational direction on somatovisceral responses

Stemmler

Aue

Wacker

2007

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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“…Experimentally identified cognitive parameters of great relevance for anxiety induction studies include past experience (133,134), expectancy and anticipation (109,124,125), appraisal of external and internal cues (109,114,126), helplessness (126), uncertainty and unpredictability (109,124,128,129), and the perception of threat/harm (109,124,130,131), response unavailability (124), control (129)(130)(131), situational cues (102,132,134), and bodily feelings (correct or incorrect; 117,118,121,[135][136][137][138]. The preceding excitatory state of the organism also has been shown to influence emotional responses (124).…”

Section: A Cognitive Psychophysiologic Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium lactate infusions and panic attacks: a review and critique.

Margraf¹,

Ehlers²,

Roth³

1986

Psychosomatic Medicine

176

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Response to sodium lactate infusions has been proposed as an experimental model and a biologic marker for panic attacks. Several authors have claimed that patients suffering from panic attacks, but not normal controls, "panic" in response to lactate. A careful review of methods and results of 13 studies, however, reveals serious methodologic problems, lack of specificity and sensitivity, and a failure to consider cognitive variables. When baseline differences are ruled out, the responses of patients and controls may not differ. So far, response to lactate cannot be interpreted as a model and marker for panic attacks and does not provide evidence for their underlying biologic distinctness from other types of anxiety. Known biologic mechanisms do not sufficiently explain the effects of lactate. Instead, an interaction of peripheral physiologic changes, past experience, environmental cues, and their appraisal as threatening or dangerous seems to be a more appropriate model.

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“…) manifestations. The latter acting both as a response to the central nervous 0306-5251/83/0200-1970 $02.00 state of anxiety and as a reinforcement of further anxiety (Breggin, 1964 (Siltonen & Janne, 1976;Liden & Gottfries, 1974), but the possibility of indirectly produced central effects has not been previously studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of diazepam and oxprenolol on short term memory in individuals of high and low state anxiety.

Desai¹,

Taylor-Davies²,

Barnett³

1983

Brit J Clinical Pharma

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1 The effect of oral doses of diazepam (5 mg) and oxprenolol (80 mg) on short term memory of normal individuals stratified for 'state' anxiety levels has been investigated. 2 Normal student volunteers were stratified into high and low anxiety groups on the basis of responses to the Spielberger 'A-state' scale. Subjects were then randomly administered active drug or placebo and given a form of running memory test performed under a variety of conditions in which variable rate of item presentation and articulatory suppression were used.3 Diazepam significantly reduced the errors of recall in the running memory test in the high anxiety group and produced a distinct separation of response from the low anxiety group under the test conditions of slow item presentation with articulatory suppression. Oxprenolol had no effect on the short term memory test in either high or low anxiety groups in any experimental test situation. 4 These results are compared to previous work in which generally a deleterious effect of diazepam on short term memory in normal volunteers has been reported. The implications of these findings are further discussed in relationship to possible models of memory function.

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The Psychophysiology of Anxiety

Cited by 83 publications

References 0 publications

Anger and fear: Separable effects of emotion and motivational direction on somatovisceral responses

Anger and fear: Separable effects of emotion and motivational direction on somatovisceral responses

Sodium lactate infusions and panic attacks: a review and critique.

The effects of diazepam and oxprenolol on short term memory in individuals of high and low state anxiety.

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