The psychosocial consequences for children and young people who are exposed to terrorism, war, conflict and natural disasters

Williams, Richard

doi:10.1097/01.yco.0000228751.85828.c1

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The World Health Organization [41] promotes rational care in which the need to do no harm either in the immediate or longer term is emphasised and that the use of medications and unproven therapies is to be avoided[42]. There are risks to the over-diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder in altering self regard and promoting victimhood and clear advantages to promoting resilience and adaptive capacity[26,42-44]. Suggested actions include that psychosocial first aid: the provision of comfort and reassurance, shelter, immediate physical care, practical problem solving and purposeful activities; assistance with reunions of family members who have been separated; linking survivors with necessary resources and facilitating a sense of agency is crucial and non-specialised[26,44,45].…”

Section: Third "S" Of Who's '4-s Framework': Scaling Up the Provisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are risks to the over-diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder in altering self regard and promoting victimhood and clear advantages to promoting resilience and adaptive capacity[26,42-44]. Suggested actions include that psychosocial first aid: the provision of comfort and reassurance, shelter, immediate physical care, practical problem solving and purposeful activities; assistance with reunions of family members who have been separated; linking survivors with necessary resources and facilitating a sense of agency is crucial and non-specialised[26,44,45]. Assistance to resume a new form of normal life, in particular education, recreational activities and a stable social environment is restorative[26,44].…”

Section: Third "S" Of Who's '4-s Framework': Scaling Up the Provisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Suggested actions include that psychosocial first aid: the provision of comfort and reassurance, shelter, immediate physical care, practical problem solving and purposeful activities; assistance with reunions of family members who have been separated; linking survivors with necessary resources and facilitating a sense of agency is crucial and non-specialised[26,44,45]. Assistance to resume a new form of normal life, in particular education, recreational activities and a stable social environment is restorative[26,44]. The maintenance of cultural and religious practices including funerals promotes continuity and provides reassurance.…”

Section: Third "S" Of Who's '4-s Framework': Scaling Up the Provisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using the World Health Organization's 4S-Framework to Strengthen National Strategies, Policies and Services to Address Mental Health Problems in Adolescents in Resource-Constrained Settings

Fisher

Mello

2011

Int J Ment Health Syst

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BackgroundMost adolescents live in resource-constrained countries and their mental health has been less well recognised than other aspects of their health. The World Health Organization's 4-S Framework provides a structure for national initiatives to improve adolescent health through: gathering and using strategic information; developing evidence-informed policies; scaling up provision and use of health services; and strengthening linkages with other government sectors. The aim of this paper is to discuss how the findings of a recent systematic review of mental health problems in adolescents in resource-constrained settings might be applied using the 4-S Framework.MethodAnalysis of the implications of the findings of a systematic search of the English-language literature for national strategies, policies, services and cross-sectoral linkages to improve the mental health of adolescents in resource-constrained settings.ResultsData are available for only 33/112 [29%] resource-constrained countries, but in all where data are available, non-psychotic mental health problems in adolescents are identifiable, prevalent and associated with reduced quality of life, impaired participation and compromised development. In the absence of evidence about effective interventions in these settings expert opinion is that a broad public policy response which addresses direct strategies for prevention, early intervention and treatment; health service and health workforce requirements; social inclusion of marginalised groups of adolescents; and specific education is required. Specific endorsed strategies include public education, parent education, training for teachers and primary healthcare workers, psycho-educational curricula, identification through periodic screening of the most vulnerable and referral for care, and the availability of counsellors or other identified trained staff members in schools from whom adolescents can seek assistance for personal, peer and family relationship problems.ConclusionThe predominant endorsed action is not that dedicated mental health services for adolescents are required, but that mental health care should be integrated using cross-sectoral strategies into the communities in which adolescents live, the institutions they attend and the organisations in which they participate.

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Section: Third "S" Of Who's '4-s Framework': Scaling Up the Provisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Third "S" Of Who's '4-s Framework': Scaling Up the Provisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Third "S" Of Who's '4-s Framework': Scaling Up the Provisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using the World Health Organization's 4S-Framework to Strengthen National Strategies, Policies and Services to Address Mental Health Problems in Adolescents in Resource-Constrained Settings

Fisher

Mello

2011

Int J Ment Health Syst

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“…In a study of Palestinian families in the West Bank, Garbarino and Kostelny (1996) found that family functioning was critical in explaining the degree of PTSD experienced by children. Williams (2006) proposed interventions for enhancing coping mechanisms, stressing the importance of community in generating resilience among children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between sense of hope, family support and post-traumatic stress disorder among children: The case of young victims of rocket attacks in Israel

Kasler

Dahan

Elias

2008

Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is diagnosed commonly in Israeli children following violent episodes of the ongoing Arab-Israeli conflict. Research has suggested that as many as 70% of war-affected children present symptoms of PTSD. This study examined two factors that may contribute to resiliency: perceived social support and sense of hope. The research participants (n = 311) were children who experienced the rocket attacks during Israel's Second Lebanon War and a control group of Israeli children from a town that was not affected directly by the 2006 war. It was hypothesized that a complex relationship would be demonstrated between presentation of symptoms of PTSD and perceived social support. It was hypothesized further that an inverse relationship would be measured between sense of hope and presentation of symptoms of PTSD in the children who experienced the rocket attacks and that those in the control group would show less symptoms of PTSD than those in the experimental group. Finally, females were expected to show more symptoms of PTSD than males. The results showed a negative correlation between sense of hope and PTSD, while family support was correlated positively with PTSD.

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“…People of various cultural backgrounds have different ways of expressing affective states and harbour different beliefs about how to handle emotional disturbances. Hence, culture-sensitive measurements are highly requested (Carballo, Heal, & Horbaty, 2006;Williams, 2006). Against this premise, the first major work-package of the project "post-tsunami", which is funded by the seventh Framework Programme of the European Commission, aimed to develop a list of indicators of children's subjective well-being after tsunami in Tamil Nadu, India.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Four Years Post-Tsunami: Children’s Well-Being

Exenberger¹,

Juen²

2011

JPR

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The psychosocial consequences for children and young people who are exposed to terrorism, war, conflict and natural disasters

Cited by 37 publications

References 60 publications

Using the World Health Organization's 4S-Framework to Strengthen National Strategies, Policies and Services to Address Mental Health Problems in Adolescents in Resource-Constrained Settings

Using the World Health Organization's 4S-Framework to Strengthen National Strategies, Policies and Services to Address Mental Health Problems in Adolescents in Resource-Constrained Settings

The relationship between sense of hope, family support and post-traumatic stress disorder among children: The case of young victims of rocket attacks in Israel

Four Years Post-Tsunami: Children’s Well-Being

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