The Psychosocial Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Youth Living with HIV in Western Kenya

Dyer, Jessica; Wilson, Kate; Badia, Jacinta; Agot, Kawango; Njuguna, Irene; Kibugi, James; Healy, Elise; Beima‐Sofie, Kristin; John‐Stewart, Grace; Kohler, Pamela

doi:10.1007/s10461-020-03005-x

Cited by 49 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…Various screening tools based on different cut‐off scores were also used to measure depressive (Table 2) or anxiety symptoms (Table 3). These screening tools included the 9‐item patient health questionnaire [76] used in six studies [49,53,57,60,77, 78], the centre for epidemiologic studies depression scale [79] used in four studies [51,54,56,62], the child depression inventory [80] used in four studies [58,59,81,82], Beck’s depression inventory [83] used in three studies [48,61,84], the revised children’s depression rating scale [85] used by Kim et al . [28], the hospital anxiety and depression scale [86] used by Sale & Gadanya [47], Reynold’s adolescent depression Scale [87] used by Paul et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty‐nine studies reported the prevalence of either major depression or depressive symptoms [45‐67,77,78,81]. Of these, seven studies [50,55,58,59,65,66,78] additionally reported the prevalence of anxiety or its symptoms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various screening tools based on different cut-off scores were also used to measure depressive (Table 2) or anxiety symptoms (Table 3). These screening tools included the 9-item patient health questionnaire [76] used in six studies [49,53,57,60,77,78], the centre for epidemiologic studies depression scale [79] used in four studies [51,54,56,62], the child depression inventory [80] used in four studies [58,59,81,82], Beck's depression inventory [83] used in three studies [48,61,84], the revised children's depression rating scale [85] used by Kim et al [28], the hospital anxiety and depression scale [86] used by Sale & Gadanya [47], Reynold's adolescent depression Scale [87] used by Paul et al [63], National Institute of Health toolbox -Sadness module [88] used by Molinaro et al [52], the Beck's youth inventory [89] used in two studies [66,67] and the revised children's manifest anxiety scale [90] used in two studies [58,59]. Most studies did not report information on the reliability and/or validity of these measurement tools among YLWH.…”

Section: Measurement Tools For Cmds Their Reliability and Validity Among Ylwh From Ssamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders in young people living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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Introduction Common mental disorders (CMDs) particularly depression and anxiety, are highly comorbid with HIV also in young people living with HIV (YLWH). In sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) where most YLWH reside, there are limited summary data on CMDs among these youths, yet there are previous systematic reviews summarizing data on CMDs among adults living with HIV. We conducted a systematic literature review on the prevalence and correlates of CMDs among YLWH, aged 10 to 24 years, from SSA. Methods We searched African Index Medicus, African Journals Online and five other electronic databases (from database inception up to 31 December 2020) for relevant studies published in English. The key search terms applied were as follows: “Depression OR Anxiety”, “Young people”, “HIV infections” and “sub‐Saharan Africa”. Results and discussion Out of 3989 articles, 31 studies were included in the review. The prevalence of CMDs in YLWH widely varied ranging between 16.0% and 40.8% for major depression, 4.4% and 52.6% for depressive symptoms and 2.2% and 25.0% for anxiety symptoms. Anxiety disorder was estimated at 45.6%. Four of the five included studies with a comparison group of HIV‐negative young people reported significantly higher prevalence estimates of depressive disorders among YLWH. Several sociodemographic, psychosocial and HIV‐related correlates of CMDs were reported but most lacked consensus across studies. Nevertheless, female sex, older age, fewer schooling years, HIV‐positive status, bullying, sexual abuse, HIV‐related stigma, social support and poor antiretroviral therapy adherence were frequently reported (in ≥2 studies) as significant correlates of depressive symptoms among YLWH. Higher social support was the only frequent significant correlate of anxiety symptoms. Conclusions The burden of CMDs among YLWH from SSA is substantial and appears to be significantly higher when compared with HIV‐negative peers, particularly for depressive disorders. However, more comparative research is needed. Importantly, screening for CMDs at the youth HIV‐clinics should be prioritized especially for YLWH at high risk of CMDs, to facilitate early management or referral for treatment. Furthermore, youth‐friendly psychological interventions addressing CMDs in YLWH should urgently be piloted in SSA, incorporating contextual components that may directly or indirectly reduce symptoms of CMDs among YLWH, such as social support.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement Tools For Cmds Their Reliability and Validity Among Ylwh From Ssamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders in young people living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review

et al. 2021

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“…Given the rapid spread of the virus and an exponential increase in cases, a strategy of mass quarantine has been implemented globally. Despite these measures to aid healthcare, a resultant disturbing impact on mental health could arise among PLWHA [ 48 ]. It has been evidenced that psycho-social depression could have a negative impact on health and behavior, and is associated with poor health outcomes [ 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Mortality due to COVID-19 in HIV Co-Infected Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Liang¹,

Luo²,

Chen³

et al. 2021

Infect Dis Ther

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Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was defined as a species of beta coronavirus causing atypical respiratory disease in humans. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented health and economic crisis worldwide. Little is known about the specifics of its influence on people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA). In this study, we aim to investigate the prevalence and mortality in PLWHA co-infected with COVID-19. Methods The databases PUBMED, EMBASE, BioRxiv, and medRxiv were searched up to 9 March 2021 to explore the prevalence and mortality rate of COVID-19 in PLWHA. Cohort studies and case series meeting the inclusion criteria were included in this review. Results We identified 14 eligible studies, 9 of which were cohort and 5 were case series. A total of 203,761 patients with COVID-19 were identified (7718 PLWHA vs. 196,043 non-PLWHA). Meta-analyses estimated the prevalence and mortality rate of COVID-19 in PLWHA was 0.774% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.00393–0.01517] and 8.814% (95% CI 0.05766–0.13245) respectively. COVID-19 co-infected PLWHA do not seem to be associated with higher mortality, as compared to non-PLWHA [relative risk (RR) 0.96 (95% CI 0.88–1.06)]. The presence of comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, RR 5.2 (95% CI 4.25–6.36), hypertension and chronic cardiac disease, RR 4.2 (95% CI 1.09–16.10), and chronic kidney disease, RR 8.43 (95% CI 5.49–12.93) were associated with an increased mortality in COVID-19 co-infected PLWHA. Conclusion The estimated prevalence and mortality rate of COVID-19 in PLWHA were 0.774% and 8.814%, respectively. Since most of the included studies used unmatched populations, comparisons between PLWHA and non-PLWHA should be interpreted with caution. Further investigations are needed for a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between cluster of differentiation 4 cell count, HIV viral load, antiretroviral therapy, and COVID-19 related prognosis in PLWHA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40121-021-00447-1.

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“…18 52 People with HIV Nineteen studies assessed PLHIV. [54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72] Three modelling studies predicted a significant increase in HIV-related deaths in African countries due to treatment disruption with the pandemic. [61][62][63] A US retrospective observational quantitative study found that shelter-inplace orders had a negative impact on antiretroviral therapy adherence, especially among homeless PLHIV.…”

Section: General Publicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual health (excluding reproductive health, intimate partner violence and gender-based violence) and COVID-19: a scoping review

et al. 2021

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ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and exacerbated existing socioeconomic and health disparities, including disparities in sexual health and well-being. While there have been several reviews published on COVID-19 and population health disparities generally—including some with attention to HIV—none has focused on sexual health (ie, STI care, female sexual health, sexual behaviour). We have conducted a scoping review focused on sexual health (excluding reproductive health (RH), intimate partner violence (IPV) and gender-based violence (GBV)) in the COVID-19 era, examining sexual behaviours and sexual health outcomes.MethodsA scoping review, compiling both peer-reviewed and grey literature, focused on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and COVID-19 was conducted on 15 September 2020. Multiple bibliographical databases were searched. Study selection conformed to Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reviewers’ Manual 2015 Methodology for JBI Scoping Reviews. We only included English-language original studies.ResultsWe found that men who have sex with men may be moving back toward pre-pandemic levels of sexual activity, and that STI and HIV testing rates seem to have decreased. There was minimal focus on outcomes such as the economic impact on sexual health (excluding RH, IPV and GBV) and STI care, especially STI care of marginalised populations. In terms of population groups, there was limited focus on sex workers or on women, especially women’s sexual behaviour and mental health. We noticed limited use of qualitative techniques. Very few studies were in low/middle-income countries (LMICs).ConclusionsSexual health research is critical during a global infectious disease pandemic and our review of studies suggested notable research gaps. Researchers can focus efforts on LMICs and under-researched topics within sexual health and explore the use of qualitative techniques and interventions where appropriate.

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The Psychosocial Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Youth Living with HIV in Western Kenya

Cited by 49 publications

References 4 publications

Prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders in young people living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Prevalence and factors associated with common mental disorders in young people living with HIV in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Prevalence and Mortality due to COVID-19 in HIV Co-Infected Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sexual health (excluding reproductive health, intimate partner violence and gender-based violence) and COVID-19: a scoping review

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