The Psychosocial Inventory of Ego Strengths: Development and Validation of a New Eriksonian Measure

Markstrom, Carol A.; Sabino, Vicky M.; Turner, Bonnie; Berman, Rachel

doi:10.1023/a:1022348709532

Cited by 98 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…One of the principal developmental tasks of adolescence is identity formation (Erikson 1963;Marcia 1966), and evidence suggests that it is related to hopelessness and future orientation. Erikson (1964) explicitly identified hope as one of the ego strengths that children develop; and although the development of ego strengths is not necessarily part of identity development, the two are conceptually and empirically linked (Markstrom et al 1997). Moreover, several studies have demonstrated a relationship between future orientation and identity formation, particularly in the realms of exploration and achievement (Ferrer-Wreder et al 2002;Kerpelman and Mosher 2004;Pulkkinen and Ronka 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, several studies have demonstrated a relationship between future orientation and identity formation, particularly in the realms of exploration and achievement (Ferrer-Wreder et al 2002;Kerpelman and Mosher 2004;Pulkkinen and Ronka 1994). Markstrom et al (1997) demonstrated not only that hopelessness is negatively correlated with several dimensions of ego strength (including hope, purpose, competence, fidelity, and wisdom), but that hopelessness also is positively correlated with identity diffusion and negatively correlated with identity achievement (Markstrom personal communication). Finally, Markstrom and Hunter (1999) reported that ethnic identity formation and racial identity formation are positively correlated for African Americans but not for Caucasians; they concluded that advancement in ethnic identity may precede ego identity formation for ethnic adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Risk Behavior Among African American, Caucasian, and Mixed‐race Adolescents Living in High Poverty Inner‐city Neighborhoods

Bolland

Bryant

Lian

et al. 2007

American J of Comm Psychol

111

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Youths growing up in low-income inner-city neighborhoods are at substantial risk for initiating substance use, violent behavior, and sexual intercourse at early ages; these risk behaviors continue at comparatively high rates through adolescence. Hopelessness has been implicated as a risk factor for these behaviors. In this paper, we consider how race influences this process. African Americans form a demographic minority within the United States, but they are often the majority within inner-city neighborhoods. For Caucasians, the opposite typically holds. Mixed-race populations form a minority within both contexts. Using longitudinal data, we examine the relationship between race and risk behaviors in several impoverished inner-city neighborhoods where African Americans form the distinct majority and Caucasians and people of mixed racial heritage form a small minority. We also consider how race moderates the relationship between hopelessness and risk behavior. Our findings show that compared to Caucasian or mixed-race adolescents, African American adolescents are less likely to engage in risk behaviors, and that hopelessness has a less important impact on their behaviors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Risk Behavior Among African American, Caucasian, and Mixed‐race Adolescents Living in High Poverty Inner‐city Neighborhoods

Bolland

Bryant

Lian

et al. 2007

American J of Comm Psychol

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cronbach's alpha for the overall scale was .94. Validity and reliability of the 32-item short version have been confirmed (Markstrom et al, 1997). Haghighat et al reported that Cronbach's alpha for 32-item short version was .86 in Iran (Haghighat, 2013).…”

Section: Psychosocial Inventory Of Ego Strengths (Pies)mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The current version of the inventory contains 64 items. A 32-item short version of the inventory is used in this paper (Markstrom et al, 1997).…”

Section: Psychosocial Inventory Of Ego Strengths (Pies)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Efficacy of Hypnotherapy for Ego Strengthening and Negative Self-Talk in Female Heads of Households

Vasel¹,

Farhadi²,

Paidar³

et al. 2016

Sleep Hypn

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Sleep Hypn 2016;18(4):74-81 http://dx.doi.org/10.5350/Sleep. Hypn.2016.18.0111 ABSTRACT Purpose: Females who are heads of households, due to considerable life difficulties, are a vulnerable population that needs more support, including psychological treatment and empowerment programs. The current paper aims at ego strengthening and decreasing negative self-talk as useful strategies to achieve this goal.Methods: This paper was a quasi-experimental study that aimed to strengthen the ego and reduce the negative selftalk through hypnotherapy in female-headed households. In this study, a sample of 30 Iranian women were selected by purposive Sampling from all female-headed households who had been referred for treatment was randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control), and eight 45-minute sessions of hypnotherapy were performed for them. The ego strength and self-talk of the subjects were measured using Psychosocial Inventory of Ego Strengths and Self-Talk Inventory.Results: Multiple Analysis of Covariance indicated there was a significant difference between the control and the experimental group in terms of ego strength Wilks' Lambda = 0.29,F = 25.6,p < .001, and negative self-talk scores, Wilks' Lambda = 0.49,F = 10.6,p = .001, on the posttest. And ego strength. In other words, after controlling the effect of pretest or a covariate, ego strength was higher in the experimental group than in the control group, and the experimental group had less negative self-talk after treatment. Conclusions:The result of this study indicates that ego-strengthening-based hypnotherapy can be effective in reducing negative self-talk.

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Validity and reliability of the agentive steadfastness index

Vosloo,

Van Staden

2023

Int J Psychol

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Agentive steadfastness is a hitherto unarticulated and unmeasured construct, although clinicians may have drawn intuitively on it in anticipating clients' prognosis and anticipated responsiveness to adverse events. Following the conceptualisation and articulation of the agentive steadfastness construct and a measure thereof, the current study examined the validity and reliability of the agentive steadfastness index (ASI) among responding adult social media users (n = 511). Results confirmed convergent validity between agentive steadfastness and closest related psychological constructs, which were resilience (r = .715) and character strength (r = .704). Its discriminant validity was observed with other related but notably distinct psychological constructs, which were anxiety (r = −.599) and ego‐strength (r = −.244). Temporal stability was confirmed over a period of 6 months (r = .763). The ASI showed good internal (Cronbach alpha = .937) and split‐half reliability (r = .838) and a low standard error of measurement of 7.57 points within a theoretical range of 190 points. These results suggest that the ASI is a valid and a reliable measure of agentive steadfastness. Equipped with the ASI, further research is enabled on agentive steadfastness as a psychotherapeutic target and its relations with various aspects of personality, prognosis and adversity.

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The Psychosocial Inventory of Ego Strengths: Development and Validation of a New Eriksonian Measure

Cited by 98 publications

References 12 publications

Development and Risk Behavior Among African American, Caucasian, and Mixed‐race Adolescents Living in High Poverty Inner‐city Neighborhoods

Development and Risk Behavior Among African American, Caucasian, and Mixed‐race Adolescents Living in High Poverty Inner‐city Neighborhoods

The Efficacy of Hypnotherapy for Ego Strengthening and Negative Self-Talk in Female Heads of Households

Validity and reliability of the agentive steadfastness index

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