The psychosocial stress‐induced increase in salivary alpha‐amylase is independent of saliva flow rate

Rohleder, Nicolas; Wolf, Jutta M.; Maldonado, E.; Kirschbaum, Clemens

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00457.x

Cited by 277 publications

(219 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…Considering the effect of flow rate on sAA, our results were in line with other studies by Beltzer et al 38 and Rohleder et al 34 wherein a positive correlation was observed between the alpha amylase levels (U/mL) and the alpha amylase outputs (U/min). In the study by Rohleder et al, 34 the effects of flow rate on sAA levels were examined in both baseline and stress conditions, and it was concluded that the sAA and sAA output responses to stress were significantly higher in both parameters; therefore, the stress response was the same irrespective of flow rate.…”

Section: Das Flow Rate and Saasupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Previous literature by Nator et al, 16,18 , Nator and Rohleder 17 Rohleder et al, 34 Allwood et al, 35 and Kang et al 36 looked at the correlation between stress conditions, including psychological stress, and the levels of sAA. They all showed that stress causes a significant increase in sAA levels when patients were exposed to a stressful condition compared to a rest condition.…”

Section: Das Flow Rate and Saamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the study by Rohleder et al, 34 the effects of flow rate on sAA levels were examined in both baseline and stress conditions, and it was concluded that the sAA and sAA output responses to stress were significantly higher in both parameters; therefore, the stress response was the same irrespective of flow rate. In addition, our results showed a significant correlation between sAA and sAA output, which reconfirms previous findings by Rohleder et al 34 In regards to the correlation between alpha amylase level and volume of saliva collected, our study results revealed a positive correlation between sAA level and volume of saliva collected. This contradicts the results achieved by Beltzer et al, 38 who demonstrated a decrease in sAA levels with the increase in volume over collection time of 5 minutes, utilizing the method of passive drooling.…”

Section: Das Flow Rate and Saamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Salivary Cortisol, Salivary Alpha Amylase, and the Dental Anxiety Scale

Sadi¹,

Finkelman²,

Rosenberg

2013

Anesthesia Progress

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The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between dental anxiety, salivary cortisol, and salivary alpha amylase (sAA) levels. Furthermore, the aim was to look into individual differences such as age, race, gender, any existing pain, or traumatic dental experience and their effect on dental anxiety. This study followed a cross-sectional design and included a convenience sample of 46. Every patient was asked to complete the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) and a basic demographic/dental history questionnaire. A saliva sample, utilizing the method of passive drooling, was then collected in 2-mL cryovials. Samples were analyzed for salivary cortisol and sAA levels by Salimetrics. Significant associations were observed between DAS scores and presence of pain and history of traumatic dental experience. However, no significant correlations were observed between DAS, cortisol, and sAA levels. Our study reconfirms that dental anxiety is associated with presence of pain and a history of traumatic dental experience. On the other hand, our study was the first to our knowledge to test the correlation between the DAS and sAA; nevertheless, our results failed to show any significant correlation between dental anxiety, cortisol, and sAA levels.

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Section: Das Flow Rate and Saasupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Das Flow Rate and Saamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Das Flow Rate and Saamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Salivary Cortisol, Salivary Alpha Amylase, and the Dental Anxiety Scale

Sadi¹,

Finkelman²,

Rosenberg

2013

Anesthesia Progress

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“…Saliva samples were stored at -20°C prior to analyses. The saliva samples were analyzed by the Kirschbaum lab, Technical University of Dresden (see Rohleder, Wolf, Maldonado, & Kirschbaum, 2006).…”

Section: Physiological and Subjective Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate and prolonged effects of cortisol, but not propranolol, on memory retrieval in healthy young men

Tollenaar

Elzinga

Spinhoven

et al. 2009

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

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a b s t r a c tBackground: While acute cortisol administration has been found to impair retrieval of emotional memories in healthy subjects, the duration of this memory impairment is still unknown. Propranolol, on the other hand, may impair the reconsolidation of emotional memories during reactivation, although human studies examining such effects are scarce. The present investigation was therefore undertaken to examine the immediate and prolonged effects of a single administered dose of cortisol or propranolol on memory retrieval in a double-blind placebo controlled design. Methods: Eighty-five healthy male participants were asked to retrieve previously learned emotional and neutral information after ingestion of 35 mg cortisol, 80 mg propranolol or placebo. After a washout period of 1 week, recall was again tested. Results: Memory retrieval of neutral and emotional information was impaired by a single dose of cortisol compared to placebo. The memory impairment due to cortisol remained, even after a washout period of 1 week. No immediate or prolonged effects of propranolol on memory retrieval were found, despite significant reductions in sympathetic arousal. Conclusions: These results lend support to the hypothesis that cortisol is able to attenuate (emotional) memory recall in men over longer time spans and may therefore augment the treatment of disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder and phobias, but do not clarify the mechanism(s) through which propranolol exerts its therapeutic effects.

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“…Saliva samples were stored at −20°C prior to analyses. The saliva samples were analyzed by the Kirschbaum Lab, Technical University of Dresden (see Rohleder et al 2006). One person (from the propranolol group) had a missing saliva sample and three people (one from each group) had a missing alpha-amylase sample.…”

Section: Psychophysiological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychophysiological responding to emotional memories in healthy young men after cortisol and propranolol administration

et al. 2009

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Rationale Propranolol is found to reduce physiological hyper-responsiveness in post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), possibly by affecting reconsolidation after the reactivation of traumatic memories. Cortisol is found to attenuate declarative memory retrieval, but it is unknown whether it also reduces physiological responses to emotional memories. Objectives To examine whether the effects of propranolol on physiological responding to emotional memories can also be found in healthy controls and to investigate the immediate and prolonged effects of cortisol on physiological responding to emotional memories, we tested these effects in 79 healthy young men. Materials and methods After preparing a script of a negative disturbing memory, participants were instructed to imagine this event 1 week later after ingestion of either 35 mg cortisol, 80 mg propranolol, or a placebo. Physiological responding to the script-driven imagery was recorded. Another week later, after washout, the imagery was repeated again. During all three sessions as well as 8 months later, subjective emotional reactions to the memories were assessed. ResultsThe emotionality of the memories was reduced over time, which was not affected by the treatments, however. The personal emotional script did evoke higher skin conductance responses than a neutral story, which decreased 1 week later, but no effects were found of either propranolol or cortisol on this responsiveness. Conclusions Whereas healthy males do show psychophysiological responding to personal emotional scripts, the effects of cortisol and propranolol on physiological responses to emotional memories might be specific to clinical groups characterized by hyper-responsiveness, like PTSD. Future studies using longer-acting doses and more elaborate reactivation procedures in both healthy men and women could shed more light on the effects of cortisol and propranolol on psychophysiological responding to emotional memories.

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The psychosocial stress‐induced increase in salivary alpha‐amylase is independent of saliva flow rate

Cited by 277 publications

References 39 publications

Salivary Cortisol, Salivary Alpha Amylase, and the Dental Anxiety Scale

Salivary Cortisol, Salivary Alpha Amylase, and the Dental Anxiety Scale

Immediate and prolonged effects of cortisol, but not propranolol, on memory retrieval in healthy young men

Psychophysiological responding to emotional memories in healthy young men after cortisol and propranolol administration

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