The pterygopalatine ganglion in humans: A morphological study

Rusu, Mugurel Constantin; Pop, F.; Curcă, George Cristian; Podoleanu, L.; Voinea, Liliana

doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2008.09.008

Cited by 47 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, more recently it has been recognized that the pterygopalatine ganglion may be bipartite, and a number of associated microganglia may also be present (e.g. 306, 325). Within the pterygopalatine ganglion, the preganglionic neurons form cholinergic, nicotinic synapses with postganglionic neurons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic Control of the Eye

McDougal

Gamlin

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

346

369

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The autonomic nervous system influences numerous ocular functions. It does this by way of parasympathetic innervation from postganglionic fibers that originate from neurons in the ciliary and pterygopalatine ganglia, and by way of sympathetic innervation from postganglionic fibers that originate from neurons in the superior cervical ganglion. Ciliary ganglion neurons project to the ciliary body and the sphincter pupillae muscle of the iris to control ocular accommodation and pupil constriction, respectively. Superior cervical ganglion neurons project to the dilator pupillae muscle of the iris to control pupil dilation. Ocular blood flow is controlled both via direct autonomic influences on the vasculature of the optic nerve, choroid, ciliary body, and iris, as well as via indirect influences on retinal blood flow. In mammals, this vasculature is innervated by vasodilatory fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion, and by vasoconstrictive fibers from the superior cervical ganglion. Intraocular pressure is regulated primarily through the balance of aqueous humor formation and outflow. Autonomic regulation of ciliary body blood vessels and the ciliary epithelium is an important determinant of aqueous humor formation; autonomic regulation of the trabecular meshwork and episcleral blood vessels is an important determinant of aqueous humor outflow. These tissues are all innervated by fibers from the pterygopalatine and superior cervical ganglia. In addition to these classical autonomic pathways, trigeminal sensory fibers exert local, intrinsic influences on many of these regions of the eye, as well as on some neurons within the ciliary and pterygopalatine ganglia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic Control of the Eye

McDougal

Gamlin

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

346

369

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“…Sphenopalatine ganglion (also called Meckel's ganglion, pterygopalatine ganglion, or nasal ganglion) is a triangularshaped ganglion situated below the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve in the pterygopalatine fossa [1]. The sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) is a parasympathetic ganglion composed of sensory and autonomic nerves.…”

Section: Introduction Sphenopalatine Ganglion Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sensory fibers derived from the maxillary nerve travel through the SPG to provide sensory innervation to the nasal cavity, palate, and parts of the nasopharynx and oropharynx [1]. The sympathetic contributions of the SPG are derived from post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers, whose cell bodies are located within the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion.…”

Section: Introduction Sphenopalatine Ganglion Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block in the Management of Chronic Headaches

Mojica

2017

Curr Pain Headache Rep

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Studies have demonstrated that SPG blockade and neurostimulation can provide pain relief in patients with cluster headaches, migraines, and other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. Patients with these conditions showed varying levels and duration of pain relief from SPG blockade. The efficacy of SPG blockade could be related to the different techniques targeting the SPG and choice of therapeutic agents. Based on current studies, SPG blockade is a safe and effective treatment for chronic headaches such as cluster headaches, migraines, and other trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias. Future studies are warranted to define the optimal image-guided technique and choice of pharmacologic agents for SPG blockade as an effective treatment for chronic headaches related to activation of the sphenopalatine ganglion.

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“…This may explain failure in ablation procedures of the pterygopalatine ganglion. For example, recurrent trigeminal neuralgia attacks may be explained even after injection treatment blocks one segment (Rusu et al 2009). The pterygopalatine ganglion may also give branches to CN II, CN VI, and the ciliary nerves (Somayaji and Rao 2012).…”

Section: Maxillary Nerve (V 2 )mentioning

confidence: 99%