The Ptychocyst, a Major New Category of Cnida Used in Tube Construction by a Cerianthid Anemone

Mariscal, Richard N.; Conklin, Edwin J.; Bigger, Charles H.

doi:10.2307/1540427

Cited by 61 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In response to the appropriate stimuli, they are ejected from the polyp or jellyfish onto its target which, depending upon cnidocyst type, they will either entwine, or stick to, or pierce. There are 28 known types of morphologically distinct cnidae which are divided into three subcategories, the nematocysts (25 different types), the spirocysts (2 types), and the ptychocysts (Mariscal, 1974;Mariscal and Bigger, 1976; see especially Mariscal et al, 1977, for a review).…”

Section: Chemoreception In Coelenterates Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspected chemoreceptors in coelenterates and ctenophores

Kass-Simon

Hufnagel

1992

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Chemoreceptors in coelenterates and ctenophores have not been identified with certainty. Among prospective chemoreceptive cells are the sensory nerve cells, the cnidocyst-bearing cnidocytes, and the epitheliomuscular cells that are likely to be involved in feeding or aggression. Both behaviors are mediated by coordinated chemical and mechanical reception. This is reflected in the close apposition of putative chemo- and mechanoreceptors. Among the structures that have been designated as likely chemo- and/or mechanoreceptors are stereocilia, kinocilia, and/or microvilli which are universally present on all the putative chemoreceptor complexes, while gland cells and mucous secretions are prevalent. Evidence that the actin-containing stereocilia are chemically modulated mechanoreceptors is presented for several forms.

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Section: Chemoreception In Coelenterates Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspected chemoreceptors in coelenterates and ctenophores

Kass-Simon

Hufnagel

1992

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…Ceriantharians are burrowing sea anemones with larval and adult stages that are morphologically distinct from the other anthozoan lineages (i.e., Octocorallia and Hexacorallia) (Daly, et al 2007;Stampar, et al 2014). Ceriantharians differ from other anthozoans in that they possess a distinct planktonic larval stage known as the cerinula (Molodtsova 2003), a secreted composite tube into which they retract when disturbed, a novel type of structural cnidocyte called a ptychocyte that provides support for their tube dwellings (Mariscal, et al 1977) and two whorls of tentacles that surround the oral opening. Ceriantharia has been placed in several conflicting phylogenetic positions (Chen, et al 1995;Song 1997) including in a recent study (Stampar, et al 2014) as the sister lineage to the two main anthozoan lineages Hexacorallia and Octocorallia ( Figure 2F bottom).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive phylogenomic analyses resolve cnidarian relationships and the origins of key organismal traits

Kayal

Bentlage

Pankey

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Background: The phylogeny of Cnidaria has been a source of debate for decades, during which nearly all-possible relationships among the major lineages have been proposed. The ecological success of Cnidaria is predicated on several fascinating organismal innovations including symbiosis, colonial body plans and elaborate life histories, however, understanding the origins and subsequent diversification of these traits remains difficult due to persistent uncertainty surrounding the evolutionary relationships within Cnidaria. While recent phylogenomic studies have advanced our knowledge of the cnidarian tree of life, no analysis to date has included genome scale data for each major cnidarian lineage.

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“…Three basic types of cnidae are usually distinguished: spirocysts, nematocysts and ptychocysts (Mariscal et al, 1977;Fautin and Mariscal, 1991;Östman, 2000). More recently, a fourth type of cnidae was proposed based on the study of agaricid scleractinians (Pires, 1997), the agaricysts, but for a final acceptation more information on its variability and ultrastructure is needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cnidae variability in <i>Balanophyllia europaea</i> and <i>B. regia</i> (Scleractinia: Dendrophylliidae) in the NE Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea

Terrón-Singler¹,

López–González²

2005

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY: Traditionally and for practical reasons, skeleton structure has been the main source of taxonomic characters for scleractinian systematics, whereas information from soft tissues has been comparatively neglected. However, skeleton variability may leave species identification uncertain. The use of characters from soft tissues (e.g. polyp anatomy, cnidae size) is routine in the study of other ("soft") hexacorallian orders. This contribution aims to determine whether cnidae characters are useful in taxonomic studies of scleractinians. The cnidae composition of two congeneric species-Balanophyllia europaea (Risso, 1826) and Balanophyllia regia Gosse, 1860-have been studied throughout a wide geographical area. The data obtained show consistent qualitative and quantitative differences between the two species. This study shows that the cnidae characters can be useful taxonomic criteria for distinguishing congeneric species.Key words: Scleractinia, Balanophyllia, cnidome, taxonomy, geographical variability. RESUMEN: VARIABILIDAD EN LOS CNIDOCISTOS DEBALANOPHYLLIA EUROPAEA Y B. REGIA (SCLERACTINIA: DENDROPHYLLIIDAE) EN EL ATLÁNTICO NORDESTE Y MEDITERRÁNEO. -Tradicionalmente, y por razones prácticas, la estructura del esqueleto ha sido la fuente principal de caracteres en la sistemática de escleractinias, mientras que la obtención de información a partir de los tejidos esta prácticamente desatendida. Sin embargo, la variabilidad del esqueleto puede resultar en identificaciones dudosas. El uso de caracteres a partir de la parte orgánica (e.g. anatomía del pólipo, dimensiones de los cnidocistos) es rutinario en el estudio de otros ordenes de hexacoralarios (blandos). La presente contribución tiene como objetivo evaluar la utilidad en estudios taxonómicos en escleractinias de los caracteres a partir de los cnidocistos. Se estudia la composición de cnidoscistos de dos especies cogenéricas -Balanophyllia europaea (Risso, 1826) y Balanophyllia regia Gosse, 1860-en una amplia área geográfica. Los datos obtenidos muestran consistentes diferencias cualitativas y cuantitativas entre las dos especies. Este estudio muestra que los caracteres a partir del estudio de los cnidocistos pueden ser criterios taxonómi-cos útiles para distinguir especies cogenéricas.

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The Ptychocyst, a Major New Category of Cnida Used in Tube Construction by a Cerianthid Anemone

Cited by 61 publications

References 13 publications

Suspected chemoreceptors in coelenterates and ctenophores

Suspected chemoreceptors in coelenterates and ctenophores

Comprehensive phylogenomic analyses resolve cnidarian relationships and the origins of key organismal traits

Cnidae variability in <i>Balanophyllia europaea</i> and <i>B. regia</i> (Scleractinia: Dendrophylliidae) in the NE Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea

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