The public health value of vaccination for seniors in Europe

Esposito, Susanna; Franco, Elisabetta; Gavazzi, G.; Miguel, Ángel Gil de; Hardt, Roland; Kassianos, George; Bertrand, Isabelle; Levant, M.-C.; Soubeyrand, B.; Trigo, José Antonio López

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.053

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…An increase in antibody titre post-vaccination lowers the risk of disease caused by strains similar to those included in the vaccine. Parameters such as PR (usually defined as haemagglutination titre of 1 : 32 or 1 : 40) correlate well with immunity at a population level [9,10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza vaccination in HIV-infected patients

Jędrychowski¹,

Czepiel²,

Michalak³

et al. 2019

HIV & AIDS Review

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Introduction: One of the most serious threats for people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the risk of influenza co-infection and complications thereof. Not only is this population fundamentally more susceptible to flu but also prolonged replication and excretion of the virus, longer illness period, higher complication rate, flu-associated mortality, and risk of cardiovascular disease have all been noted. Material and methods: The aim of our study was to assess vaccine efficacy against influenza in HIV-infected patients in various stages of the disease in comparison to a control group and estimate the influence of the vaccine on respiratory system infection rates. We prospectively studied 78 patients. Our study group included 47 patients with HIV and 31 healthy volunteers. The participants were immunised with TIV (trivalent influenza vaccine). Humoral response as an anti-AH1N1 (A/Brisbane/59/07),-AH3N2 (A/Brisbane/10/07), and-B strain (B/Florida/4/06) haemagglutinin antibody titre was measured. The assay was performed twice: before administration of the vaccine and a month after. Results: The HIV-infected group exhibited a weaker immune response than the control group; however, the immunisation did provide partial protection against influenza. Vaccine efficacy was similar, regardless of CD4 count. Trivalent influenza vaccine successfully prevented influenza-associated bacterial pneumonia. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that routine vaccination against influenza in HIV-infected patients, regardless of immune system deficiency, is substantiated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza vaccination in HIV-infected patients

Jędrychowski¹,

Czepiel²,

Michalak³

et al. 2019

HIV & AIDS Review

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“…Roughly 79% of these costs were found to be due to disease in unvaccinated individuals [25]. Though no comparable analysis has been published yet, figures from the European Union suggest the burden of disease is probably of a similar magnitude [10,27]. These figuresthough substantialmay be an under-estimate, since they are derived from cases directly attributable to VPDs and ignored the cost of much related illness.…”

Section: Vaccine-preventable Disease and The Consequences Of Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As noted by William Schaffner, President of the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases in the United States (US): "Where we are with adult immunization is where we were 25 years ago with children immunization" [9]. While this problem is not new, changing demographics are now raising the profile of VPDs in older patients alongside concerns about the impact of ageing populations on healthcare provision and healthcare budgets [10][11][12]. Vaccination is among the most effective of healthcare interventions, and improved vaccination coverage can potentially deliver significant decreases in healthcare utilization, and improved quality of life for older adults [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult vaccination as part of a healthy lifestyle: moving from medical intervention to health promotion

Doherty

Giudice²,

Maggi

2019

Annals of Medicine

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As the global population ages, there is concern about the effect of an increased proportion of older individuals on the economic sustainability of healthcare systems and the social effects of an older society. Health authorities and advocacy groups in countries at the forefront of this trend are now developing strategies to ameliorate the social and financial effects of an ageing population. There is broad agreement that for both society and for the individuals, it is important to ensure that increasing lifespans are matched with increased "healthspans"the number of years spent in good health. There is also growing consensus that vaccination is one of the tools that can play an important role in improving adult healththough currently vaccination coverage is often poor. This review focuses on two issues that consistently appear to be associated with under-vaccination: the low awareness of risk (and potential consequences) for vaccine-preventable diseases and a poor understanding of the value of improved vaccination coverage for adults. We suggest that understanding of vaccination as a health-promoting activity, rather than a medical intervention designed to prevent the spread of a specific pathogenis a crucial step to improve vaccination uptake among adults (see Supplementary video abstract). KEY MESSAGES As populations age globally, we are seeing an increasing burden of vaccine-preventable disease in adults. Adult vaccination against some common diseases has been shown to dramatically improve health and quality of life for older people. Despite the attested benefits, vaccination coverage is almost always poor in adults, even in countries where access is free at point of care. In this article, we discuss what appears to a neglected issue in adult vaccination, that of personal autonomy. We argue that adult vaccination will only be successful if it respects individual autonomy and that this requires treating the choice to vaccinate as a public health issue akin to smoking cessation, exercise and healthy diet.

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“…While incidence of both primary and reactivated disease can be greatly reduced by vaccination [3][4][5][6], most adults remain at risk for HZ because they harbor latent, wild-type VZV within sensory ganglia, and uptake of HZ vaccines in the US is far from optimal [7]. In many countries, use of HZ vaccines is minimal or non-existent [8,9], despite providing reasonable rates of protection from HZ and its debilitating consequences. Therefore, research continues into improved treatment and prevention strategies for HZ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varicella-zoster virus early infection but not complete replication is required for the induction of chronic hypersensitivity in rat models of postherpetic neuralgia

et al. 2021

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Herpes zoster, the result of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation, is frequently complicated by difficult-to-treat chronic pain states termed postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). While there are no animal models of VZV-induced pain following viral reactivation, subcutaneous VZV inoculation of the rat causes long-term nocifensive behaviors indicative of mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. Previous studies using UV-inactivated VZV in the rat model suggest viral gene expression is required for the development of pain behaviors. However, it remains unclear if complete infection processes are needed for VZV to induce hypersensitivity in this host. To further assess how gene expression and replication contribute, we developed and characterized three replication-conditional VZV using a protein degron system to achieve drug-dependent stability of essential viral proteins. Each virus was then assessed for induction of hypersensitivity in rats under replication permissive and nonpermissive conditions. VZV with a degron fused to ORF9p, a late structural protein that is required for virion assembly, induced nocifensive behaviors under both replication permissive and nonpermissive conditions, indicating that complete VZV replication is dispensable for the induction of hypersensitivity. This conclusion was confirmed by showing that a genetic deletion recombinant VZV lacking DNA packaging protein ORF54p still induced prolonged hypersensitivities in the rat. In contrast, VZV with a degron fused to the essential IE4 or IE63 proteins, which are involved in early gene regulation of expression, induced nocifensive behaviors only under replication permissive conditions, indicating importance of early gene expression events for induction of hypersensitivity. These data establish that while early viral gene expression is required for the development of nocifensive behaviors in the rat, complete replication is dispensable. We postulate this model reflects events leading to clinical PHN, in which a population of ganglionic neurons become abortively infected with VZV during reactivation and survive, but host signaling becomes altered in order to transmit ongoing pain.

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The public health value of vaccination for seniors in Europe

Cited by 34 publications

References 38 publications

Influenza vaccination in HIV-infected patients

Influenza vaccination in HIV-infected patients

Adult vaccination as part of a healthy lifestyle: moving from medical intervention to health promotion

Varicella-zoster virus early infection but not complete replication is required for the induction of chronic hypersensitivity in rat models of postherpetic neuralgia

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