The Pulmonary Pathology of Farmer's Lung Disease

Reyes, Cesar N.; Wenzel, Frederick J.; Lawton, Ben; Emanuel, Dean A.

doi:10.1378/chest.81.2.142

Cited by 194 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The histopathology of HP has been well described (70)(71)(72). In the acute stages, reports on open lung biopsies revealed features of interstitial lymphocytes infiltrates and fibrosis, oedema, noncaseating granulomas, and bronchiolitis obliterans.…”

Section: Lung Biopsymentioning

confidence: 97%

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Girard

and

Cormier

2009

Allergy

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The first few cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) were described in the early 20th century in farmers exposed to moldy hay or straw. As then, HP has been ascribed to multiple inhaled antigens found in a large variety of environmental settings. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis results from an exaggerated immune response, which gives rise to acute infection‐like symptoms or to progressive, sometimes irreversible lung damage. The diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical characteristics of the disease. Clinical diagnostic criteria have recently been published. The immune mechanisms leading to HP are still incompletely understood. Initially, believed to be a classes III and IV immune response, we now have a clearer understanding of the complex inflammatory events involved. These include the release of pro inflammatory cytokines and a decrease in the immune control mechanisms via surfactant, dendritic and T‐regulatory cells. Despite the improved understanding, the treatment and outcome of HP have not changed. Oral corticosteroids remain the only effective drugs and contact withdrawal constitutes the ideal solution. If unchecked, HP can lead to irreversible lung damage in the form of fibrosis or emphysema, respiratory insufficiency and even death.

show abstract

Section: Lung Biopsymentioning

confidence: 97%

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Girard

and

Cormier

2009

Allergy

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Also, the high prevalence of "ever" smoking among this group supports a diagnosis other than HP [Warren 1977]. Finally, no granulomas were identified in the lung biopsies of cases from this plant, providing additional evidence arguing strongly against HP as a diagnosis [Reyes et al 1982].…”

Section: Physician-diagnosed Cases Of Ildmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Prolonged, repeated exposures (or in some cases, shorter, more intense exposures) can lead to irreversible changes characterized by fibrotic (scarring) changes and honeycombing (disruption of the lung architecture with the formation of cystic spaces). [Reyes 1982]. …”

Section: Medicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

HETA 96-0093-2685, Microfibres, Inc., Pawtucket, RI.

1998

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…However, the interstitial pneumonitis-like lesions described here developed only by the procedure of inhalation, and were caused at least a few hours after the last exposure only in sensitized animals. The changes resembled HP in humans caused by isocyanates [5,[7][8][9][10][11], as well as that caused by organic dust particles [16], including farmers' lung [22], bird fanciers' disease [23], and summer-type HP in Japan [24]. The pathological changes were most prominent in sensitized guinea-pigs killed 24 h after the last exposure ( fig.…”

Section: Vbmentioning

confidence: 94%

Interstitial pneumonitis-like lesions in guinea-pigs following repeated exposure to toluene diisocyanate

Yamada

Amitani²,

Niimi³

et al. 1995

Eur Respir J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The inhalation of isocyanates, such as toluene diisocyanate (TDI), diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) can induce hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) as well as bronchial asthma in humans, but the precise pathological features and their pathogenetic mechanisms have not been elucidated. To provide insight into the pathological features of isocyanate-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis in humans, we repeatedly exposed guinea-pigs to TDI following previous sensitization to TDI and examined the inflammatory response in the pulmonary lesions. Following sensitization with 10% TDI ethyl acetate solution for seven consecutive days, guinea-pigs were exposed to 5% TDI ethyl acetate solution once a week for 4 weeks. As a control, guinea-pigs were exposed to ethyl acetate alone in the same manner. Furthermore, other guinea-pigs received a single exposure to 5 or 20% TDI ethyl acetate solution. The TDI solutions or ethyl acetate were applied to the bilateral nasal mucosa of guinea-pigs for 30 s-day-1. Histological examination of lung specimens of guinea-pigs repeatedly exposed to TDI after previous sensitization by TDI inhalation revealed interstitial pneumonitis-like lesions in which mononuclear cells and eosinophils were mainly involved. Lungs of control and nonsensitized guinea-pigs showed insignificant histological changes. We demonstrated that interstitial pneumonitis-like lesions, indistinguishable from isocyanate-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis in humans, can be caused by repeated but not single exposure to TDI in guinea-pigs.

show abstract

The Pulmonary Pathology of Farmer's Lung Disease

Cited by 194 publications

References 6 publications

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

HETA 96-0093-2685, Microfibres, Inc., Pawtucket, RI.

Interstitial pneumonitis-like lesions in guinea-pigs following repeated exposure to toluene diisocyanate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About