The pursuits of solar application for biofuel generation

Organic transformation of lignin into mussel-inspired glues: next-generation 2K adhesive for setting corals under saltwater

“…36 During industrial lignin isolation processes, these adhesive properties are largely lost in the pure lignin compounds due to their structural reconstitution and the absence of natural binding partners. [37][38][39] In synthetic resin-type adhesives, lignin often acts as a replacement for petrochemical and polyphenolic components, resulting, for example, in the production of greener ligninphenol-formaldehyde, -epoxy, or -urethane adhesives. [40][41][42] However, although lignin is renewable and reduces the carbon footprint of adhesives, the synthesis of resins often involve the use of critical chemicals such as formaldehyde, epichlorohydrin, and isocyanates, as well as partially environmentally harmful catalysts, which reduce the overall green advances of these material approaches.…”

“…36 During industrial lignin isolation processes, these adhesive properties are largely lost in the pure lignin compounds due to their structural reconstitution and the absence of natural binding partners. 37–39…”