The Putumayo-Oriente-Maranon Province of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; Mesozoic-Cenozoic and Paleozoic petroleum systems

Higley, Debra K.

doi:10.3133/ds63

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Niche conservatism also explains many aspects of ecological community assembly [28]. 2) The geologic events that resulted in the formation of natural tar seeps occurred during the late Miocene and early Pliocene and thus surface contamination with hydrocarbons has been a feature of western Amazonian forests for a long time [29]. In other words, the selective pressure favouring resistant genotypes have potentially been present for millions of years.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Family-Specific Impacts of Petroleum Pollution on Biodiversity and Leaf Chlorophyll Content in the Amazon Rainforest of Ecuador

et al. 2017

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In recent decades petroleum pollution in the tropical rainforest has caused significant environmental damage in vast areas of the Amazon region. At present the extent of this damage is not entirely clear. Little is known about the specific impacts of petroleum pollution on tropical vegetation. In a field expedition to the Ecuadorian Amazon over 1100 leaf samples were collected from tropical trees in polluted and unpolluted sites. Plant families were identified for 739 of the leaf samples and compared between sites. Plant biodiversity indices show a reduction of the plant biodiversity when the site was affected by petroleum pollution. In addition, reflectance and transmittance were measured with a field spectroradiometer for every leaf sample and leaf chlorophyll content was estimated using reflectance model inversion with the radiative tranfer model PROSPECT. Four of the 15 plant families that are most representative of the ecoregion (Melastomataceae, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae) had significantly lower leaf chlorophyll content in the polluted areas compared to the unpolluted areas. This suggests that these families are more sensitive to petroleum pollution. The polluted site is dominated by Melastomataceae and Rubiaceae, suggesting that these plant families are particularly competitive in the presence of pollution. This study provides evidence of a decrease of plant diversity and richness caused by petroleum pollution and of a plant family-specific response of leaf chlorophyll content to petroleum pollution in the Ecuadorian Amazon using information from field spectroscopy and radiative transfer modelling.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Family-Specific Impacts of Petroleum Pollution on Biodiversity and Leaf Chlorophyll Content in the Amazon Rainforest of Ecuador

et al. 2017

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“…A regionally pervasive Miocene/Pliocene shortening, known as Quechua III (Higley 2000;Mathalone and Montoya 1995;Sébrier and Soler 1991) or as eu-Andean phase (Van der Hammen 1958), has been well documented by thrusting and compressional folding over most of the sub-Andean region in Peru, Ecuador and Colombia (Mathalone and Montoya 1995). This episode has been widely recognized as the main Andean orogenic uplift causing the present-day relief and related to the westward drift of South America and the progressive decrease in the age of crust entering the trench along the mountain belt (Pindell and Tabbutt 1995).…”

Section: Geologic Development Of the Basinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This basin is one of the most important oil regions in Colombia, where large hydrocarbon accumulations (i.e. Orito Field) have been discovered since the early 1940s (Higley 2000). Some wells revealed that mafic sills and dykes truncate the sedimentary succession.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neogene magmatism and its possible causal relationship with hydrocarbon generation in SW Colombia

Vásquez

Altenberger

Romer

2008

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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The Cretaceous oil-bearing source and reservoir sedimentary succession in the Putumayo Basin, SW Colombia, was intruded by gabbroic dykes and sills. The petrological and geochemical character of the magmatic rocks shows calc-alkaline tendency, pointing to a subduction-related magmatic event. K/Ar dating of amphibole indicates a Late Miocene to Pliocene age (6.1 ± 0.7 Ma) for the igneous episode in the basin. Therefore, we assume the intrusions to be part of the Andean magmatism of the Northern Volcanic Zone (NVZ). The age of the intrusions has significant tectonic and economic implications because it coincides with two regional events: (1) the late Miocene/ Pliocene Andean orogenic uplift of most of the sub-Andean regions in Peru, Ecuador and Colombia and (2) a pulse of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion that has reached the gas window. High La/Yb, K/Nb and La/Nb ratios, and the obtained Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions suggest the involvement of subducted sediments and/or the assimilation of oceanic crust of the subducting slab. We discuss the possibility that magma chamber(s) west of the basin, below the Cordillera, did increase the heat flow in the basin causing generation and expulsion of hydrocarbons and CO 2 .

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“…The Oriente Basin of eastern Ecuador is part of the Upper Amazon River and is contiguous with the Putumayo basin of Colombia and the Marañon basin of Peru 4,5,6 . Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments are preserved in Palo Azul field ( Figure 2).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Analysis for Wellbore Stability: Reducing Drilling Risks in Oriente Basin, Ecuador

Villalobos¹,

Frydman²,

Casalis³

et al. 2005

Proceedings of SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThis work describes a 3D approach that was used to reduce drilling risks and unscheduled events in Palo Azul field. The field is in the Oriente foreland basin (Figure 1), contiguous to the Ecuadorian Andean foothills. A portion of the field presented an unexpected igneous intrusion (laccolite) just above the reservoir formation. The 3D analysis combined 3D seismic information with the 3D structural and geological model to generate a 3D geomechanical model. The mechanical earth model (MEM), relied on onsite real-time monitoring, was used to support drilling decisions, providing predictions of well trajectory, casing points, and mud window.The 3D velocity/amplitude cube, derived from one portion of the 3D seismic program, was used as the base to construct the MEM. To capture the uncommon structural characteristics associated with the complex geological structure, an innovative methodology was developed. Steps included special reprocessing of sequences of the seismic data; structural model reinterpretation; 3D seismic velocity analysis; population of the rock properties in the 3D domain (Geostatistical approach); integration with wireline logs; core measurements analysis; and drilling history review of the offset wells. The real-time geomechanics support allowed making important decisions in time when unplanned events occurred while drilling.This new methodology created a systematic approach to well planning that reduces drilling risks in the development of a complex area. The value added by the integrated team's efforts was demonstrated by drilling the next two wells with significant reductions in costs and nonproductive time. A sensitivity analysis of different well trajectories across fractured zones was performed. Wellbore stability forecasts were compared with reference to the 3D model developed. The results obtained contribute to a better understanding of the mechanics of stress development around a magmatic intrusion and a faulted/folded zone. The methodology developed allows better insight into the parameters that must be included in the 3D MEM creation and wellbore stability forecast for similar environments. This method also serves as a good basis for further development, such as sanding studies, completion design optimization, reservoir studies, and uncertainty analysis. * EarthGM™ is a WesternGeco software; DrillMAP TM Schlumberger product

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The Putumayo-Oriente-Maranon Province of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; Mesozoic-Cenozoic and Paleozoic petroleum systems

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

Plant Family-Specific Impacts of Petroleum Pollution on Biodiversity and Leaf Chlorophyll Content in the Amazon Rainforest of Ecuador

Plant Family-Specific Impacts of Petroleum Pollution on Biodiversity and Leaf Chlorophyll Content in the Amazon Rainforest of Ecuador

Neogene magmatism and its possible causal relationship with hydrocarbon generation in SW Colombia

3D Analysis for Wellbore Stability: Reducing Drilling Risks in Oriente Basin, Ecuador

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