The PVT properties of concentrated aqueous electrolytes. VIII. The volume changes for mixing the major sea salts at an ionic strength of 3.0 from 5 to 95�C

Connaughton, Leslie M.; Millero, Frank J.

doi:10.1007/bf00648598

Cited by 32 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The density of the system CaCl 2 –NaCl–H 2 O was studied mostly at ambient conditions over a wide range of concentrations and ionic strengths. − Only few studies reported the data at elevated temperatures to 308.15 K, , and to 373.15 K and a pressure p = 0.6 MPa . The density of the system MgCl 2 –NaCl–H 2 O was reported at temperatures from (298.15 to 368.15) K and pressure p = 0.1 MPa − and also from (296.02 to 371.82) K and p = 0.6 MPa . The only data set for MgCl 2 –NaCl aqueous mixtures at high temperatures up to 573.15 K and pressures up to 40 MPa was obtained by using a piezometer and is of low quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volumetric Properties of Mixed Electrolyte Aqueous Solutions at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures. The Systems CaCl₂–NaCl–H₂O and MgCl₂–NaCl–H₂O to 523.15 K, 70 MPa, and Ionic Strength from (0.1 to 18) mol·kg^–1

et al. 2014

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The densities of aqueous solutions in the systems CaCl 2 −NaCl−H 2 O and MgCl 2 −NaCl−H 2 O were determined experimentally at temperatures from (298.15 to 523.15) K, pressures up to 70 MPa and over a range of composition at ionic strengths from (0.1 to 18) mol•kg −1 . The vibrating-tube densimeters used for the experimental measurements have an accuracy on density better than 9.9•10 −5 g•cm −3 . The mean apparent molar volumes of the mixtures calculated from the experimental data permitted a parametrization of the Pitzer equation for mixed electrolyte solutions within the entire range of temperatures, pressures, and compositions covered by this study. The parametrization of the Pitzer model for the pure binary salt aqueous solutions CaCl 2 −H 2 O and MgCl 2 −H 2 O was also refined based on new experimental and literature data. These models were used to evaluate the partial molar volumes and limiting partial molar volumes of components in aqueous mixtures of electrolytes. Using the refined models for the binary systems, Young's mixing rule can also be used for evaluation of the mean apparent volume of electrolyte mixtures with accuracy similar to the Pitzer model and, consequently, for calculation of the densities of mixed salt solutions from the properties of binary electrolyte solutions. As an important application, we could show that the pressure effect on the estimates of the activity coefficients of components in complex aqueous electrolyte solutions can now be evaluated. Therefore, shifts in equilibrium calculations due to pressure can quantitatively be addressed when modeling geothermal, hydrothermal, or other natural or engineering aqueous systems at elevated temperatures and pressures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volumetric Properties of Mixed Electrolyte Aqueous Solutions at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures. The Systems CaCl₂–NaCl–H₂O and MgCl₂–NaCl–H₂O to 523.15 K, 70 MPa, and Ionic Strength from (0.1 to 18) mol·kg^–1

et al. 2014

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“…For common and industrially important electrolytes, a number of compilations of density exist, based upon data from studies carried out over more than a century. [2][3][4] New measurements have continued to be made, focusing for example on the components of seawater and brines [5][6][7] or on extreme conditions such as very low or very high temperature. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Recent studies of the densities of aqueous solutions, presenting fitted equations from which densities can be calculated as functions of concentration and temperature, include the work of Krumgalz et al 15 and Lalibert e and Cooper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Densities of pure aqueous solutions and mixtures are required to convert concentrations between mass and volume units. For common and industrially important electrolytes, a number of compilations of density exist, based upon data from studies carried out over more than a century. − New measurements have continued to be made, focusing for example on the components of seawater and brines − or on extreme conditions such as very low or very high temperature. − Recent studies of the densities of aqueous solutions, presenting fitted equations from which densities can be calculated as functions of concentration and temperature, include the work of Krumgalz et al and Laliberté and Cooper . Krumgalz et al use the Pitzer ion interaction model and apply it to data up to saturation (with respect to the dissolved salts) for temperatures from about 15 to 95 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Densities and Apparent Molar Volumes of Atmospherically Important Electrolyte Solutions. 1. The Solutes H₂SO₄, HNO₃, HCl, Na₂SO₄, NaNO₃, NaCl, (NH₄)₂SO₄, NH₄NO₃, and NH₄Cl from 0 to 50 °C, Including Extrapolations to Very Low Temperature and to the Pure Liquid State, and NaHSO₄, NaOH, and NH₃ at 25 °C

Clegg

Wexler

2011

J. Phys. Chem. A

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Calculations of the size and density of atmospheric aerosols are complicated by the fact that they can exist at concentrations highly supersaturated with respect to dissolved salts and supercooled with respect to ice. Densities and apparent molar volumes of solutes in aqueous solutions containing the solutes H(2)SO(4), HNO(3), HCl, Na(2)SO(4), NaNO(3), NaCl, (NH(4))(2)SO(4), NH(4)NO(3), and NH(4)Cl have been critically evaluated and represented using fitted equations from 0 to 50 °C or greater and from infinite dilution to concentrations saturated or supersaturated with respect to the dissolved salts. Using extrapolated densities of high-temperature solutions and melts, the relationship between density and concentration is extended to the hypothetical pure liquid solutes. Above a given reference concentration of a few mol kg(-1), it is observed that density increases almost linearly with decreasing temperature, and comparisons with available data below 0 °C suggest that the fitted equations for density can be extrapolated to very low temperatures. As concentration is decreased below the reference concentration, the variation of density with temperature tends to that of water (which decreases as temperature is reduced below 3.98 °C). In this region below the reference concentration, and below 0 °C, densities are calculated using extrapolated apparent molar volumes which are constrained to agree at the reference concentrations with an equation for the directly fitted density. Calculated volume properties agree well with available data at low temperatures, for both concentrated and dilute solutions. Comparisons are made with literature data for temperatures of maximum density. Apparent molar volumes at infinite dilution are consistent, on a single ion basis, to better than ±0.1 cm(3) mol(-1) from 0 to 50 °C. Volume properties of aqueous NaHSO(4), NaOH, and NH(3) have also been evaluated, at 25 °C only. In part 2 of this work (ref 1 ) an ion interaction (Pitzer) model has been used to calculate apparent molar volumes of H(2)SO(4) in 0-3 mol kg(-1) aqueous solutions of the pure acid and to represent directly the effect of the HSO(4)(-) ↔ H(+) + SO(4)(2-) reaction. The results are incorporated into the treatment of aqueous H(2)SO(4) density described here. Densities and apparent molar volumes from -20 to 50 °C, and from 0 to 100 wt % of solute, are tabulated for the electrolytes listed in the title and have also been incorporated into the extended aerosol inorganics model (E-AIM, http://www.aim.env.uea.ac.uk/aim/aim.php) together with densities of the solid salts and hydrates.

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“…In addition to the system MDEA+DEA+H20, a few systems which contain mixed electrolytes at different temperatures have been studied to test the applicability of the isopycnotic method. Density data have been reported for aqueous mixtures of sea salt at temperatures ranging from 5 to 95°C (Connaughton and Millero, 1987;Millero et al, 1985;Dedick et al, 1990). Density data for binary solutions of the individual sea salts at the relevant temperatures needed for the calculations are available in the literature (LoSurdo et al, 1982;Chen et al, 1980;Connaughton et al, 1986).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and prediction of the density of aqueous ternary mixtures of methyldiethanolamine and diethanolamine at temperatures from 25°c to 80°c

et al. 1994

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Densities have been measured for mixed aqueous solutions of N‐methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and diethanolamine (DEA) at 25, 30,40,50, 60,70, and 80°C. The compositions of the ternary solutions are near 30 mass% solute, because of industrial applications for the absorption of acid gases. The isopycnotic (same density) method, for predicting densities of multicomponent aqueous systems at 25°C has been used to predict the densities of the present non‐electrolyte mixed solutions at other temperatures. Predicted and observed density values are in good agreement (<0.06% error). The method has also been used to predict densities of some aqueous sea salt mixtures at temperatures ranging from 5 to 95°C. Again the predicted and observed values are in good agreement (generally <0.1% error).

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The PVT properties of concentrated aqueous electrolytes. VIII. The volume changes for mixing the major sea salts at an ionic strength of 3.0 from 5 to 95�C

Cited by 32 publications

References 12 publications

Volumetric Properties of Mixed Electrolyte Aqueous Solutions at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures. The Systems CaCl₂–NaCl–H₂O and MgCl₂–NaCl–H₂O to 523.15 K, 70 MPa, and Ionic Strength from (0.1 to 18) mol·kg^–1

Volumetric Properties of Mixed Electrolyte Aqueous Solutions at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures. The Systems CaCl₂–NaCl–H₂O and MgCl₂–NaCl–H₂O to 523.15 K, 70 MPa, and Ionic Strength from (0.1 to 18) mol·kg^–1

Measurement and prediction of the density of aqueous ternary mixtures of methyldiethanolamine and diethanolamine at temperatures from 25°c to 80°c

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The PVT properties of concentrated aqueous electrolytes. VIII. The volume changes for mixing the major sea salts at an ionic strength of 3.0 from 5 to 95�C

Cited by 32 publications

References 12 publications

Volumetric Properties of Mixed Electrolyte Aqueous Solutions at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures. The Systems CaCl2–NaCl–H2O and MgCl2–NaCl–H2O to 523.15 K, 70 MPa, and Ionic Strength from (0.1 to 18) mol·kg–1

Volumetric Properties of Mixed Electrolyte Aqueous Solutions at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures. The Systems CaCl2–NaCl–H2O and MgCl2–NaCl–H2O to 523.15 K, 70 MPa, and Ionic Strength from (0.1 to 18) mol·kg–1

Measurement and prediction of the density of aqueous ternary mixtures of methyldiethanolamine and diethanolamine at temperatures from 25°c to 80°c

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Volumetric Properties of Mixed Electrolyte Aqueous Solutions at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures. The Systems CaCl₂–NaCl–H₂O and MgCl₂–NaCl–H₂O to 523.15 K, 70 MPa, and Ionic Strength from (0.1 to 18) mol·kg^–1

Volumetric Properties of Mixed Electrolyte Aqueous Solutions at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures. The Systems CaCl₂–NaCl–H₂O and MgCl₂–NaCl–H₂O to 523.15 K, 70 MPa, and Ionic Strength from (0.1 to 18) mol·kg^–1