The Pyrethroid Cypermethrin-Induced Biochemical and Histological Alterations in Rat Liver

Abstract

Cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, has broadspectrum use in agriculture, domestic and veterinary applications due to its high bioefficacy, enhanced stability and considerably low mammalian toxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the cypermetrin-induced alterations in the liver tissue of Wistar male rats, based on the histopatological, enzymological analyses and apoptotic changes. The animals of the experimental groups were orally fed with laboratory chow combined 60, 150, and 300 mg/kg Kral 250 EC during 28 consecutive days. At the end of the treatment, no significant change was found in relative liver weights, liver total proteins and cholinesterase enzyme activities of cypermethrin treated rats, when compared with control animals. Histopathological changes such as vacuolar degeneration, enlargement of the sinusoids, degeneration in hepatic cords and hepatocytes, vacuole formations in hepatocytes, pleomorphism in nucleus, and congestion were observed in liver tissues of only 150 and 300 mg/kg cypermethrin treated rats. Mononuclear cell infiltration and an increase in the Kupffer cells in liver parenchymatous tissue were also determined. In all cypermethrin treated groups, the apoptotic index in livers of rats was significantly increased compared to control group (p < 0.001). These results suggest that cypermethrin might cause hazardous effects in different levels to non-target organisms.

Biochemical Targets Affected by Subacute Doses of New Pesticide Mixtures Tested On Albino Rats

“…Our results are in agreement with Chao et al (2009) who reported that AChE activity was significantly inhibited in both brain and muscle samples of juvenile goldfish exposed to propoxur (alone, in a binary mixture with isoprocarb, and in a ternary mixture with isoprocarb and chlorpyrifos). However, the significant decrease of AChE activity recorded in our results contradict those recoded by Yavasoglu et al (2006) who showed that liver AChE activities increase in rats treated with cypermethrin compared with control values but these inductions were not statistically significant. Letters mean the significant differences between treatments according to Duncan's test; Each figure between brackets represents the percentage of content as check; GOT -Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase; GPT -Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase Unauthenticated Download Date | 5/9/18 5:22 AM…”

Cannabinoid receptor type 2 agonist JWH-133 deteriorates the liver toxicity induced by cypermethrin

“…Regarding the relative liver weight, Aldana et al (5) reported a 20% increase in the 7-day CYP toxicity study. However, there were no significant changes in relative liver weights in a 28-day CYP toxicity study (6). In the present study, there were no significant differences in relative liver weight among the groups.…”

“…There is an increasing amount of evidence suggesting toxic effects on nontarget organisms in chronic exposure of CYP (5,6). Several studies have shown that CYP causes oxidative stress, biochemical changes such as increase in activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); elevation in levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), a decrease in activities of the antioxidant enzymes (7,8), and histopathological changes such as vacuolar degeneration, enlarged sinusoid, vacuole formation in hepatocytes, pleomorphism in the nucleus, congestion, necrosis, hepatocellular hypertrophy, multinucleated hepatocytes, mononuclear cell infiltration (MCI), and increase in Kupffer cell numbers (2,6). Marijuana or cannabis, whose main active ingredient is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, activates two G proteincoupled membrane receptors, named CB1 and CB2 (9)(10)(11).…”

Cypermethrin alters the status of oxidative stress in the peripheral blood: relevance to Parkinsonism

“…The dosedependent effect of cypermethrin on the biochemical and histological indexes leading to various pathological conditions is widely studied [10,9,36]. However, the dose selected for this study is based on the dose-dependent study conducted in our laboratory [31].…”