The Qualitative and Quantitative Compositions of Phenolic Compounds in Fruits of Lithuanian Heirloom Apple Cultivars

Butkevičiūtė, Aurita; Liaudanskas, Mindaugas; Kviklys, D.; Gelvonauskienė, D.; Janulis, Valdimaras

doi:10.3390/molecules25225263

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Apple flesh and peel samples were prepared as described by Butkeviciute et al [ 33 ]. Extracts of apple flesh and peel samples were prepared as described by Butkeviciute et al [ 34 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Apples of the ‘Galaval’ Cultivar Grown on 17 Different Rootstocks

et al. 2022

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Apple cultivars are one of the main factors setting the composition of bioactive compounds in apples and the quality of the fruit. However, research has been providing increasing amounts of data on the influence of rootstocks on the variations in the composition of bioactive compounds in apples. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of rootstocks on the changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in vitro in apple flesh and peel. HPLC analyses of phenolic compounds in apple samples were performed. The rootstock–scion combination had a significant effect on the composition and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in apple samples. Depending on the rootstock, the total content of phenolic compounds in apple flesh of the ‘Galaval’ cultivar could vary by 2.9 times, and in the peel by up to 90%. The genotype of the rootstock resulted in the highest variation in total flavan-3-ol content in apple flesh—by as much as 4.3 times—while the total content of flavonols varied by 2.1 times. In apple peel, on the contrary, the greatest variation was recorded for the total flavonol content (by 4.4 times), and the total flavan-3-ol content varied the least (by 1.8 times). A proper match of a cultivar and a rootstock can program a fruit tree to grow larger amounts of higher-quality, antioxidant-rich, and high-nutrition-value fruit.

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“…Apple flesh and peel samples were prepared as described by Butkeviciute et al [ 33 ]. Extracts of apple flesh and peel samples were prepared as described by Butkeviciute et al [ 34 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Apples of the ‘Galaval’ Cultivar Grown on 17 Different Rootstocks

et al. 2022

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“…Samples of whole apples and apple peels were prepared as described by Butkeviciute et al [86]. Extracts of whole apple samples were prepared as described by Butkeviciute et al [87]. Extracts of apple peel samples were produced: 2.5 g of the lyophilized powder (exact weight) was weighed, added to 25 mL of 2% hydrochloric acid solution in 70% (v/v) ethanol, and was extracted in an ultrasonic bath Sonorex Digital 10 P (Bandelin Electronic GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin, Germany) at room temperature for 20 min.…”

Section: Preparation Of Apple and Apple Peel Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Storage Controlled Atmosphere on the Apple Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids, and Anthocyanins and Antioxidant Activity In Vitro

Butkevičiūtė

Viškelis

Liaudanskas

et al. 2022

Plants

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Apples are seasonal fruits, and it is important to prepare them adequately for storage and ensure proper storage conditions. In this study, we used ten different apple cultivars: ‘Alva’, ‘Auksis’, ‘Connell Red’, ‘Cortland’, ‘Ligol’, ‘Lodel’, ‘Noris’, ‘Rubin’, ‘Sampion’, and ‘Spartan’. We studied the qualitative and quantitative composition of phenolic compounds in the apple and apple extracts antioxidants activity before placing them in the controlled atmosphere chambers and again at the end of the experiment, eight months later. Different concentrations of O2, CO2, and N2, constant temperature, relative humidity, and removal of endogenous ethylene were continually maintained. HPLC analysis showed that the highest amount of 2265.7 ± 152.5 µg/g of chlorogenic acid was found in apple samples of the ‘Auksis’ cultivar stored under variant IV conditions. Different concentrations of gas in the controlled atmosphere chambers caused changes in antioxidant activity in whole apple and apple peel extracts. In our study, we found that the antioxidant activity of apple extracts varied between samples of different apple cultivars and depended on the composition of the controlled atmosphere. Determining the optimal storage conditions is beneficial to providing the consumers with apples that have a known and minimally altered chemical composition of phenolic compounds and the strongest antioxidant activity, which determine the use of apples in the healthy food chain.

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“…Reynoutrin (Figure 1) is a natural flavonoid that exists in the leaves and fruits of a variety of natural plants and has been shown to have potential antioxidant and antiviral properties (Ho et al, 2012;Rehman et al, 2018;Butkevičiūtė et al, 2020;Santos et al, 2021). In the preliminary experiments, we found that reynoutrin can effectively improve cardiac function in rats with IHF caused by permanent left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation, as well as significantly up-regulate the protein expression of S100 calciumbinding protein A1 (S100A1) in myocardial tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Reynoutrin Improves Ischemic Heart Failure in Rats Via Targeting S100A1

Yang

Tang

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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This study investigated the effects of reynoutrin on the improvement of ischemic heart failure (IHF) and its possible mechanism in rats. The rat heart failure model was established by permanently ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and administering different doses of reynoutrin. Cardiac function, inflammatory factors releasing, oxidative stress, cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and myocardial fibrosis were evaluated. Western blotting was used to determine protein expression levels of S100 calcium-binding protein A1 (S100A1), matrix metallopeptidase 2(MMP2), MMP9, phosphorylated (p-) p65, and transforming growth factor -β1 (TGF-β1) in myocardial tissue of the left ventricle. Results showed that reynoutrin significantly improved cardiac function, suppressed the release of inflammatory factors, reduced oxidative stress, inhibited cardiomyocytes apoptosis, and attenuated myocardial fibrosis in rats with IHF. In rat myocardial tissue, permanent LAD-ligation resulted in a significant down-regulation in S100A1 expression, whereas reynoutrin significantly up-regulated S100A1 protein expression while down-regulating MMP2, MMP9, p-p65, and TGF-β1 expressions. However, when S100A1 was knocked down in myocardial tissue, the above-mentioned positive effects of reynoutrin were significantly reversed. Reynoutrin is a potential natural drug for the treatment of IHF, and its mechanism of action involves the up-regulation of S100A1 expression, thereby inhibiting expressions of MMPs and the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor kappa-B.

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The Qualitative and Quantitative Compositions of Phenolic Compounds in Fruits of Lithuanian Heirloom Apple Cultivars

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Apples of the ‘Galaval’ Cultivar Grown on 17 Different Rootstocks

Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Apples of the ‘Galaval’ Cultivar Grown on 17 Different Rootstocks

Impact of Storage Controlled Atmosphere on the Apple Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids, and Anthocyanins and Antioxidant Activity In Vitro

Reynoutrin Improves Ischemic Heart Failure in Rats Via Targeting S100A1

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