The quality of air outside and inside the home: associations with emotional and behavioural problem scores in early childhood

Midouhas, Emily; Kokosi, Theodora; Flouri, Eirini

doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6733-1

Cited by 25 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…These results align with a study conducted in Sri Lanka, which found neurotoxic impacts of HAP on child cognitive scores 34. Similar results were observed in many other LMICs in which SFU is highly prevalent 21 34 38 39…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Associations between household air pollution and early child development among children aged 36–59 months in Bangladesh

Rana

Luna-Gutiérrez

Haque

et al. 2022

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundHousehold air pollution (HAP) from solid fuel use (SFU) for cooking may impact child health in low-resources countries. This study examined the associations between HAP and early childhood development (ECD) outcomes among children under 5 years of age in Bangladesh and explored potential effect modification by sex and urbanicity.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 9395 children aged 36–59 months in the households from the Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019. SFU and levels of exposure to SFU (unexposed, moderately exposed and highly exposed) were used as proxies of HAP exposure. We estimated the covariate-adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% CIs for the associations between HAP and ECD outcomes using multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regression models with a robust variance estimator.Results81.4% of children were exposed to SFU, and the prevalence of developmental delay (in Early Childhood Development Index) was 25.3%. Children exposed to SFU were 1.47 times more likely to have developmental delays (95% CI: 1.25, 1.73; p<0.001) compared with children with no SFU exposure. SFU was significantly associated with developmental delay in socioemotional (aPR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.36; p=0.035) and learning-cognitive (aPR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.39, 2.60; p<0.001) domains. Similarly, children moderately exposed and highly exposed to HAP had higher prevalence of developmental delays than unexposed children. We did not observe effect modification by sex or urbanicity.ConclusionPublic health policies should promote the use of clean cooking fuels and cookstoves to reduce the high burden of HAP exposure in low-resource countries for helping younger children to meet their developmental milestones.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Associations between household air pollution and early child development among children aged 36–59 months in Bangladesh

Rana

Luna-Gutiérrez

Haque

et al. 2022

J Epidemiol Community Health

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“…These results are in line with a study conducted in Sri Lanka, in which the neurotoxic impact of HAP on child's cognitive scores was observed (32). Similar experiences were observed in many other Asian countries in which SFU is highly prevalent (41)(42)(43). In these settings, it is also common for mothers to cook in the same room, where the majority of the children's daily activities take place, as they mostly do not have a separate cooking place (10).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Associations between solid fuel use and early child development among 3 to 4 years old children in Bangladesh: Evidence from a nationally representative survey

Rana

Gutierrez

Haque

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundHousehold Air Pollution (HAP) from solid fuel use (SFU) may have impacts on children’s health in low-resources countries. Despite these potential health effects, SFU is still highly prevalent in Bangladesh.ObjectiveThis study was conducted to assess the associations between SFU and early childhood development index (ECDI) among under-five children in Bangladesh and explore the potential effect modification by sex and urbanicity.Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study used Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019 data, a nationally representative data collected by UNICEF from all 64 districts in Bangladesh. The ECDI consisted of ten different items across four developmental domains: literacy-numeracy, physical, social-emotional development, and learning skills in the early years of life (36 to 59 months). A total of 9,395 children aged 36 to 59 months were included in this analysis. We used multilevel Poisson regression models with a robust variance where SFU was a proxy indicator for HAP exposure.ResultsChildren exposed to SFU were 1.47 times more likely to be not developmentally on track (95% CI: 1.25, 1.73; <0.001) compared to children with no SFU exposure. Two sub-domains explained these associations, SFU was significantly associated with socio-emotional development (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.36; p=0.035), and learning-cognitive development (PR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.39, 2.60; p<0.001). Associations between SFU and ECDI were not significantly different (p-difference=0.210) between girls (PR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.31, 2.07) and boys (PR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.65). Likewise, urbanicity did not modify the associations between SFU and ECDI outcomes.ConclusionBangladeshi children aged 36-59 months exposed to SFU exhibited delays in development compared to unexposed children. Public health policies should be designed to reduce HAP exposure to ensure better early childhood development in the low-resources country, where many children struggle to reach their full potential.

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“…Presence of damp in children's homes was associated with increased SDQ conduct problems scores across development. Previous work using MCS data reported negative effects of children's indoor environment on cognitive and behavioural processes such as self-regulation and conduct problems 85,86,60 . Increased damp can lead to toxic mould and poor air quality 87 to which children are especially vulnerable 88 and which may cause neuroinflammatory and/or neurotoxic responses 89,90 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Role of Physical Environmental Characteristics and Intellectual Disability in Conduct Problem Trajectories Across Childhood: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Baird¹,

Papachristou²,

Hassiotis³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The paucity of research investigating the role of the physical environment in the developmental progression of conduct problems and the potential moderating effects of intellectual disability (ID) is surprising, given the clinical relevance of elucidating environmental determinants of disruptive behaviours. Aims: To use data from a large UK cohort study to assess associations between physical environmental exposures, ID, and conduct problem trajectories. Method: The sample included 8,168 Millennium Cohort Study children (1.9% with ID). Multilevel growth curve modelling was used to examine the role of physical environment characteristics in the developmental trajectories of conduct problems after adjustments for ID status. Results: Exposure to external environmental domains was not associated with differences in child conduct problems across development. Alternatively, internal aspects of the household environment: spatial density (b = 0.40, p<.001) and damp problems (b = 0.14, p<.001) were both significantly associated with increased trajectories. Various individual and familial covariates were positively associated with conduct problems over time, including: presence of ID (b = 0.96, p<.001), autism spectrum disorder (b = 1.18, p<.001), male sex (b = 0.26, p<.001), poverty (b = 0.19, p<.001), maternal depression (b = 0.65, p<.001), and non-nuclear family structure (b = 0.35, p<.001). Positive ID status appeared to moderate the effects of internal household spatial density, reporting a non-linear negative association with spatial density and conduct problems across development (b = -1.08, p<.01). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the potential harmful consequences of poor internal residential conditions on child development of disruptive behaviours.

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The quality of air outside and inside the home: associations with emotional and behavioural problem scores in early childhood

Cited by 25 publications

References 65 publications

Associations between household air pollution and early child development among children aged 36–59 months in Bangladesh

Associations between household air pollution and early child development among children aged 36–59 months in Bangladesh

Associations between solid fuel use and early child development among 3 to 4 years old children in Bangladesh: Evidence from a nationally representative survey

The Role of Physical Environmental Characteristics and Intellectual Disability in Conduct Problem Trajectories Across Childhood: A Population-Based Cohort Study

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