The Quantum Effect on Friedmann Equation in FRW Universe

Zhang, Wei; Kuang, Xiao-Mei

doi:10.1155/2018/6758078

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…This emergent paradigm has been further explored by Padmanabhan and his collaborators from a variety of perspectives [29][30][31]. For recent investigations on this novel idea, see [32][33][34] As is well known, every macroscopic system evolves to a state of thermodynamic equilibrium consistent with their constraints [35]. The entropy of such systems should attain a certain maximum value in the long run.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entropy maximization in the emergent gravity paradigm

Krishna

Mathew

2019

Phys. Rev. D

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The accelerated expansion of the universe can be interpreted as a quest for satisfying holographic equipartition. It can be expressed by a simple law, ∆V = ∆t (N surf − N bulk ) which leads to the standard Friedmann equation. This novel idea suggested by Padmanabhan in the context of general relativity has been generalized by Cai and Yang et al. to Gauss-Bonnet and Lovelock gravities for a spatially flat universe in different methods. We investigate the consistency of these generalizations with the constraints imposed by the maximum entropy principle. Interestingly, both these generalizations imply entropy maximization even if their basic assumptions are different.Further, we analyze the consistency of Verlinde's emergent gravity with the maximum entropy principle in the cosmological context. In particular, we consider the generalization suggested by Shu and Gong, in which an energy flux through the horizon is assumed, in addition. Even though the conceptual formulations are different, these two emergent perspectives of gravity describes a universe which behaves as an ordinary macroscopic system. Our results provide further support to the emergent gravity paradigm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entropy maximization in the emergent gravity paradigm

Krishna

Mathew

2019

Phys. Rev. D

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“…This idea of emergence has also been extended to the braneworld scenarios [92,93,38]. For more investigations on this idea, see [24,23,53,101,40,62,41,42,56,54].…”

Section: Evolution Of the Universe As The Emergence Of Cosmic Spacementioning

confidence: 98%

Emergence of cosmic space and its connection with thermodynamic principles

Krishna,

T.,

Mathew

2022

Preprint

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The recent research on the connection between gravity and thermodynamics suggests that gravity could be an emergent phenomenon. Following this, Padmanabhan proposed a novel idea that the expansion of the universe can be interpreted as equivalent to the emergence of space with the progress of cosmic time. In this approach, the expansion of the universe is described by what is known as the law of emergence, which states that the expansion of the universe is driven by the difference between the number of bulk and surface degrees of freedom in a region bounded by the Hubble radius. This principle correctly reproduces the standard evolution of a Friedmann universe. We establish the connection of the law of emergence, which is conceptually different from the conventional paradigm to describe cosmology, with other well-established results in thermodynamics. It has been shown that the law of emergence can be derived from the unified first law of thermodynamics, which can then be considered as the backbone of the law. However, the law of emergence is rich in structure than implied by the First law thermodynamics alone. It further explains the evolution of the universe towards a state of maximum horizon entropy. Following this, it can be considered that the first law of thermodynamics, along with the additional constraints imposed by the maximisation of the horizon entropy, can together lead to the law of emergence. In the present article, we first make a brief review of Padmanabhan's proposal and then studies its connection with the thermodynamics of the horizon in the context of Einstein's, Gauss-Bonnet, and more general Lovelock gravity theories.

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“…An example of a specific choice of the parameters f (l P E) and g(l P E), was done in Ref. [2,36], explicitly,…”

Section: Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bouncing universe in a heat bath

Filho,

Petrov

2021

Preprint

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We develop a thermal description to photon modes within the context of bouncing universe. To do so, we start with a Lorentz-breaking dispersion relation which accounts for modified Friedmann equations with a bounce solution. We calculate the spectral radiance, the entropy, the Helmholtz free energy, the heat capacity, and the mean energy. Nevertheless, the latter two ones turn out to contribute only in a trivial manner. More so, all the results are derived analytically and three different regimes of temperature of the universe are also considered, i.e., the inflationary era, the electroweak epoch and the cosmic microwave background.

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The Quantum Effect on Friedmann Equation in FRW Universe

Cited by 6 publications

References 62 publications

Entropy maximization in the emergent gravity paradigm

Entropy maximization in the emergent gravity paradigm

Emergence of cosmic space and its connection with thermodynamic principles

Bouncing universe in a heat bath

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