The Quaternary uplift history of central southern England: evidence from the terraces of the Solent River system and nearby raised beaches

Westaway, Rob; Bridgland, David R.; White, Mark

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.06.005

Cited by 153 publications

(216 citation statements)

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“…Because of the two levels within this gravel spread, the stratigraphic position of these finds has always been open to dispute. The PASHCC terrace stratigraphy places the Dunbridge (higher) deposits in Terrace 5, whereas Westaway et al (2006) correlate them with their Belbins terrace (Terrace 4). This difference is partly due to the different gradients used in the two studies, because of the different altitudinal tie-points used in this region (terrace surfaces in Westaway et al, 2006; gravel thicknesses in the PASHCC study - Figure 3).…”

Section: Comparison Of Thementioning

confidence: 93%

“…The correlation between Sheets 299 and 315 is one of the main areas of difference between the two more recent schemes discussed below. The Westaway et al (2006) scheme is a combination of desk study data and numerical uplift modelling. In this region (though not in others), the data points used for terrace projection are 140 surface altitudes plotted by relating outcrop information from Edwards and Freshney (1987) and BGS (1998) to topography at a 1:25,000 scale.…”

Section: Terrace Mapping By the British Geological Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are three key differences between them. Firstly, the archaeologically significant sites at Dunbridge and Kimbridge that have yielded many artefacts over the years, including Levallois (Bridgland and Harding, 1987;Westaway et al, 2006) have been differently attributed. Because of the two levels within this gravel spread, the stratigraphic position of these finds has always been open to dispute.…”

Section: Comparison Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since borehole records are usually clustered in lower terraces and urban areas this could be a particular advantage if reconstructing terrace sequences from less developed regions or countries. The difference in the terrace attribution of the key sites at Dunbridge is also a function of the difference in height within the gravel spread mapped as Terrace 2-3 by Booth (2002) Thirdly and finally in the higher terraces the Westaway et al (2006) scheme recognises many more terrace levels than the PASHCC stratigraphy (Table 1, Figure 3). Many of these differences are not archaeologically relevant.…”

Section: Comparison Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A further reason for using this part of the Solent river system as a case study to explore terrace projection is that two terrace stratigraphical schemes have recently been proposed for this region by Westaway et al (2006) and an English Heritage funded project on the 'Palaeolithic Archaeology of the Sussex / Hampshire Coastal Corridor' (PASHCC - Bates et al, 2004;Bates and Briant, 2009). These two schemes therefore differ considerably in the data on which they are based.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Terrace reconstruction and long profile projection: a case study from the Solent river system near Southampton, England

Briant

Bates

Marshall

et al. 2012

Proceedings of the Geologists' Association

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(up to 200 words)River terrace sequences are important frameworks for archaeological evidence and as such it is important to produce robust correlations between what are often fragmentary remnants of ancient terraces. This paper examines both conceptual and practical issues related to such correlations, using a case study from the eastern part of the former Solent River system near Southampton, England. In this region two recent terrace schemes have been constructed using different data to describe the terrace deposits: one based mainly on terrace surfaces; the other on gravel thicknesses, often not recording the terrace surface itself. The utility of each of these types of data in terrace correlation is discussed in relation to the complexity of the record, the probability of post-depositional alteration of surface sediments and comparison of straight-line projections with modern river long profiles. Correlation using age estimates is also discussed, in relation to optically-stimulated luminescence dating of sand lenses within terrace gravels in this region during the PASHCC project. It is concluded that the need for replication at single sites means that this approach has limited use for correlative purposes, although dating of sediments is important for understanding wider landscape evolution and patterns of human occupation.2

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Section: Comparison Of Thementioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Terrace Mapping By the British Geological Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Terrace reconstruction and long profile projection: a case study from the Solent river system near Southampton, England

Briant

Bates

Marshall

et al. 2012

Proceedings of the Geologists' Association

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Large River Systems and Climate Change

Blum

2022

Large Rivers

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Investigation of coupling between surface processes and induced flow in the lower continental crust as a cause of intraplate seismicity

Westaway

2006

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Many studies have highlighted the role of coupling between surface processes and flow in the lower continental crust in deforming the crust and creating topographic relief over Quaternary timescales. On the basis of the rheological knowledge gained, it is suggested that intraplate seismicity can also be caused by coupling between surface processes and flow in the lower continental crust. This view is shown to be a natural consequence of the modern idea that isostatic equilibrium is maintained by flow in the weak lower crust in response to erosion and sedimentation. It is supported by a general correlation between the vigour of surface processes and rates of intraplate seismicity, and by instances of seasonal seismicity that correlates with seasonal climate. Human interference in the environment can affect surface loading: for instance, deforestation for agriculture or urban development can cause increased erosion rates; global warming is expected to cause increased storminess (and thus increased erosion rates) and/or global sea-level rise. The possibility of increased rates of seismicity resulting from these processes should thus be considered in future hazard assessment.Surface processes as a cause of intraplate seismicity Figure 1. (a) Graph of estimated temperature T against depth z for the Palaeozoic continental crust beneath the Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP) of South Carolina. Calculations use T , e.g., Lachenbruch, 1970), where T 0 is the mean surface temperature, K is the thermal conductivity of the crust, A 0 and D are the surface radiogenic heat production and its scale depth, and q 0 is the heat flow at the base of the lithosphere. T 0 is set to 20°C (cf. Bollinger et al., 1985). Values of K (3·29 W m −1°C−1 ) and A 0 (2·70 µW m −3 ) are from the borehole at Springfield, SC, ~150 km NW of Charleston. D = 8 km (typical for the ACP); q 0 is set to 48·5 mW m −2 (close to the 48·2 mW m −2 typical for the ACP) to give the observed surface heat flow at Springfield of 70·1 mW m −2 . All these geothermal data are from Costain et al. (1986). This calculated geotherm roughly matches the local ~15 km depth limit of seismicity (with 90 per cent of events shallower than 13 km), which is thought to represent thẽ 300°C isotherm (see, e.g., Bollinger et al., 1985), and indicates a Moho temperature (for 35 km depth) of 588°C. Extrapolated, it predicts the ~1400°C asthenosphere temperature at ~90 km depth, a conservative value given the ~80 km lithosphere thickness from seismic tomography (van der Lee, 2002). (b) Predicted variation of viscosity η with depth z across this lower crust, which from (a) is taken as spanning 15-35 km depth. η is calculated as η = η L exp(G/RT) (Westaway, 1998), where R is the molar gas constant (8·3143 J K −1 mol −1 ) and T(z) is the temperature predicted at each depth in (a). G (150 kJ mol −1 ) and η L (6·67 × 10 7 Pa s) parametrize the lower-crustal rheology (see Table I). Figure 2.Diagram illustrating an eroding region that provides the sediment source for an adjacent depocentre, with isost...

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The Quaternary uplift history of central southern England: evidence from the terraces of the Solent River system and nearby raised beaches

Cited by 153 publications

References 98 publications

Terrace reconstruction and long profile projection: a case study from the Solent river system near Southampton, England

Terrace reconstruction and long profile projection: a case study from the Solent river system near Southampton, England

Large River Systems and Climate Change

Investigation of coupling between surface processes and induced flow in the lower continental crust as a cause of intraplate seismicity

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