The quest for a true One Health perspective of brucellosis

Godfroid, Jacques; DeBolle, X.; Roop, R. Martin; O’Callaghan, David; Tsolis, Renée M.; Baldwin, Charles A.; Santos, Renato L.; McGiven, John; Olsen, Steven C.; Nymo, Ingebjørg Helena; Larsen, Anett Kristin; Dahouk, Sascha Al; Letesson, Jean‐Jacques

doi:10.20506/rst.33.2.2290

Cited by 47 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…It is mainly found in small ruminants and can affect cattle in mixed farming methods. Sometimes cattle can be affected by both B. melitensis and B. abortus in mixed farming methods and the differentiation of the etiologic agent in human cases arising from such scenario may require more than serology; isolation and PCR are very helpful in identifying the exact species causing infection [2,41,57]. In the One Health framework veterinary, medical, environmental and allied professionals and experts collaborate together with the aim of identifying possible risk factors for this infection and design a suitable approach to combatting the infection.…”

Section: One Health Approach To Brucellosis Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brucellosis also known by other names such as Malta fever, intermittent fever, Bang's disease, undulant fever, Gibraltar fever, Mediterranean fever, contagious abortion, Maltese fever, Crimean fever, and rock fever is a bacterial zoonotic infection caused by a Gram-negative coccobacilli bacteria that infect almost all species of domestic animals and man. The disease is caused by several species of Brucellae including Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis, Brucella suis, Brucella canis, Brucella microti, Brucella inopinata, Brucella Ceti, and Brucella pinnipedialis [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review

Bamaiyi

2016

Int J One Health

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Brucellosis is the most common worldwide zoonosis with 500,000 new cases every year in humans and infections in millions of animals. This infection is mainly acquired by humans through consumption of unpasteurized milk and milk products from infected animals. Exposure can also occur occupationally in those who work closely with animals through contact with aborted fetuses and reproductive secretions. Animals acquire the infection from other infected animals through direct contact and vertical transmission. This infection is prevalent in all continents of the world except Antarctica, but its impact is more felt in developing countries where it is endemic in animals and humans. In certain developed countries where the disease was eradicated, there seem to be a re-emergence of the disease as the disease appears to claim more territory. The risk factors of the disease may vary from country to country and region to region, but most risk factors are similar. Consumption of unpasteurized milk and milk products plays a very important role in the transmission of this infection from animals to humans, in addition to direct contact with infected animals and their secretions. The best way to control this ubiquitous infection is through the One Health approach which involves human health, animal health, and environmental health. This paper reviews the prevalence of brucellosis in some countries in various continents of the world and highlights the risk factors responsible for the persistence of this infection in animals and humans with a view to proffering solution to this age-old zoonosis that has defied eradication for many generations in many parts of the world.

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Section: One Health Approach To Brucellosis Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review

Bamaiyi

2016

Int J One Health

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“…Bacteria of the Brucella genus cause this zoonosis. Infection in animals results in abortion, followed by chronic infection and secretion of bacteria in milk, and major economic losses in the livestock industry (Godfroid et al, ). Humans contract brucellosis from contaminated milk products, by contact with infected animals or aerosolisation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection by Brucella melitensis or Brucella papionis modifies essential physiological functions of human trophoblasts

García‐Méndez

Hielpos

Soler-Lloréns

et al. 2019

Cellular Microbiology

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Brucellosis is a zoonosis caused by bacteria of the Brucella genus. In ruminants, brucellosis causes abortion, followed by chronic infection and secretion of bacteria in milk. In humans, it usually presents as flu‐like symptoms, with serious complications if untreated. Epidemiological studies have only recently established that brucellosis can also cause pregnancy complications in women, but the pathogenic mechanisms are unknown. Pioneering studies in ruminants showed that Brucella infect trophoblasts and then colonise the placenta where they grow to high density. A recent study showed that the main zoonotic Brucella species can infect human cytotrophoblasts (CTB) and extravillous trophoblasts (EVT). In this work, we show that Brucella papionis (associated with stillbirth in primates) also infects human trophoblasts. However, it replicates actively in CTB, whereas its replication is very restricted within EVT. We also observed alteration of several trophoblastic functions upon infection by B. papionis or Brucella melitensis (the most prevalent species in human brucellosis). Infection altered the production of hormones, the ability of CTB to form syncytiotrophoblasts, and the invasion capacity of EVT. We also found that infection can spread between different types of trophoblasts. These findings constitute a new step in understanding how Brucella infection causes adverse pregnancy outcomes.

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“…Brucellosis is endemic in several regions of the world, with more than 500,000 new cases each year (2)(3)(4)(5). To date, 10 recognized species of Brucella have been described, with the most pathogenic for humans being Brucella melitensis (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Simple and Safe Protocol for Preparing Brucella Samples for Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Analysis

et al. 2016

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dWe describe a simple protocol to inactivate the biosafety level 3 (BSL3) pathogens Brucella prior to their analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. This method is also effective for several other bacterial pathogens and allows storage, and eventually shipping, of inactivated samples; therefore, it might be routinely applied to unidentified bacteria, for the safety of laboratory workers. Brucellosis is a zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella, which are transmitted to humans through direct contact, ingestion of contaminated animal products, or aerosolization (1, 2). Brucellosis is endemic in several regions of the world, with more than 500,000 new cases each year (2-5). To date, 10 recognized species of Brucella have been described, with the most pathogenic for humans being Brucella melitensis (2). Diagnoses of clinical brucellosis are made initially using serological tests and are confirmed by isolation of the agent (6, 7). The recent introduction of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) has revolutionized the identification of bacteria and yeasts (8, 9). However, the procedures recommended by the manufacturers for non-biosafety level 3 (BSL3) organisms are not adequate for the manipulation of Brucella strains, which are classified as BSL3 (potential bioterrorism pathogens) and represent potential health hazards for laboratory workers (1, 10). Any inactivation procedure must allow safe sample handling outside the BSL3 environment and must avoid destruction of the biomarkers used for identification. Therefore, we developed a simple, safe, and efficient sample preparation method for Brucella isolates that is compatible with their analysis by the current MALDI-TOF MS platforms.Solvent inactivation of Brucella. We first applied the direct transfer procedure recommended by the manufacturer to a panel of Brucella strains, working in class II microbiological safety cabinets in a BSL3 laboratory (Table 1). The target plate (Vitek MS DS slide; bioMérieux) was inoculated by picking a portion of a colony from a plate with a 1-l disposable loop (Sarsted), and the deposit was overlaid with 1 l of ␣-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) matrix solution (saturated solution of CHCA in a solvent mixture composed of 33% acetonitrile, 33% absolute ethanol, 3% trifluoroacetic acid, and 31% water) and then air dried for 2 min at room temperature. The dried material was recovered with a sterile swab and spread on culture plates, which were then incubated for up to 3 weeks under the optimal growth conditions for the corresponding bacteria indicated in Table 1. Viable bacteria were recovered for most strains, showing that this protocol does not kill all Brucella strains, possibly because the bacterial deposit was not completely covered with the matrix solution. This risk is not acceptable for BSL3 pathogens. To overcome this problem, different liquid-phase inactivation protocols were tested in 1.5-ml Eppendorf tubes (see F...

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The quest for a true One Health perspective of brucellosis

Cited by 47 publications

References 98 publications

Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review

Prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in man and domestic animals: A review

Infection by Brucella melitensis or Brucella papionis modifies essential physiological functions of human trophoblasts

A Simple and Safe Protocol for Preparing Brucella Samples for Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Analysis

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