The Raccoon Ascarid

Kazacos, Kevin R.; Raymond, Lawrence A.; Kazacos, Evelyn A.; Vestre, W. A.

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(85)34100-3

Cited by 80 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, MB was oxidized by the V(V) species due to the reduction of the lone pair electrons on the nitrogen atoms [12][13][14][15][16], maintaining a lower concentration of 1.9 M at 30 °C after 30 days.…”

Section: As Shown Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Several ionic organic compounds as positive electrolyte additives for a vanadium redox flow battery

Wang

Chen

et al. 2014

RSC Adv.

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Several ionic organic compounds have been employed as additives of the V(V) electrolyte for vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) to improve its stability and electrochemical activity. Stability of the V(V) electrolyte with and without additives was investigated with ex-situ heating/cooling treatment over a wide temperature range of -5 °C to 60 °C. It was found that cationic organic compounds could significantly improve the stability of the V(V) electrolyte at a wide range of temperature. Their electrochemical behavior in the V(V) electrolyte were further studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and steady state polarization. The results showed that the electrochemical activity, including the reversibility of electrode reaction, the diffusivity of V(V) species, polarization resistance of V(V) species, the polarization resistance and the flexibility of charge transfer for the V(V) electrolyte with these 2 additives was all improved compared with the pristine solution. The VRB employing positive electrolyte with cationic organic compounds as additive exhibited excellent charge-discharge behavior with an average energy efficiency of more than 80% at a current density of 20 mAcm -2 . XPS spectra illustrated that the addition of CHPTAC introduced more oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing functional groups, which improved the electrochemical performance and cycling stability of VRB.

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Section: As Shown Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…or chain structures at tertiary carbon atoms [12][13][14][15][16][18][19][20][23][24][25]28] were reported as potential stabilizing agents for V(V) electrolyte, which could encapsulate the hydrated form of V(V) species and inhibit the precipitation formation [12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Several ionic organic compounds as positive electrolyte additives for a vanadium redox flow battery

Wang

Chen

et al. 2014

RSC Adv.

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“…As first proposed in the mid-1980s, DUSN is a multi-etiologic syndrome, being caused by several possible species of nematodes whose larvae fall into different size ranges [10,13,15]. B. procyonis is the primary cause of the large nematode variant (1500–2000 μ m) and is the most common cause of DUSN in the northern and midwestern United States and Canada, with cases also reported from Europe [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The raccoon roundworm, Baylisascaris procyonis , is considered the primary cause of the large nematode variant of DUSN, with intraocular larvae in the 1500–2000 μ m size range [13,15]. Cases of Baylisascaris DUSN are usually observed in regions where raccoons, the definitive host, are found such as rural and suburban communities in the northern and Midwestern United States [10,13,15]. This entity has been less often reported within densely urban communities, even though raccoons are also known to occur in this setting [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baylisascaris Procyonis Induced Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis in New York City

Saffra¹,

Perlman²,

Desai³

et al. 2010

J. Neuroparasitolog.

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Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) secondary to raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) infection has been reported in rural and suburban areas of North America and Europe with extant raccoon populations. Here, we present a case of Baylisascaris-induced DUSN from the densely populated borough of Brooklyn in New York City and alert urban ophthalmologists to consider this etiology even in areas not typically thought to be associated with endemic risk factors. Infected raccoons also occur in urban settings, and urban patients may be exposed in surrounding areas. Most patients with Baylisascaris ocular larva migrans-DUSN will not have concomitant neurologic disease; this fact and larval neurotropism are both misconceptions regarding this infection.

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“…Indeed, when B. procyonis was first proposed as an etiology of OLM [17], it was downplayed by others who stated “several patients with [OLM] lived in highly urban centers in the northeast and midwest, making exposure to raccoons highly unlikely” [14, 15]. This was and still is untrue, based on the present case, other cases from urban localities, and the well-known occurrence of raccoons in some of our largest cities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baylisascaris Procyonis Neural Larva Migrans in an Infant in New York City

Perlman¹,

Kazacos²,

Imperato³

et al. 2010

J. Neuroparasitolog.

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Neural larva migrans (NLM) with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis secondary to raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) infection has been reported in rural and suburban areas of North America and Europe with extant raccoon populations. Most cases have occurred in infants less than two years of age exposed to areas of raccoon fecal contamination. Here, we present a case of Baylisascaris-induced NLM from the densely populated borough of Brooklyn in New York City and alert urban pediatricians to consider this cause of clinical neurologic disease even in areas not typically thought to be associated with endemic risk factors. Infected raccoons also occur in urban settings, and urban children may be exposed to environmental areas or materials contaminated with their feces and the parasite’s eggs.

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The Raccoon Ascarid

Cited by 80 publications

References 23 publications

Several ionic organic compounds as positive electrolyte additives for a vanadium redox flow battery

Several ionic organic compounds as positive electrolyte additives for a vanadium redox flow battery

Baylisascaris Procyonis Induced Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis in New York City

Baylisascaris Procyonis Neural Larva Migrans in an Infant in New York City

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